Configuring an additional network - Multiple networks | Networking

Approaches to managing an additional network
Configuration for an additional network attachment
- Configuration of an additional network through the Cluster Network Operator
- Configuration of an additional network from a YAML manifest
Configurations for additional network types
Configuration of IP address assignment for an additional network
Creating an additional network attachment with the Cluster Network Operator
Creating an additional network attachment by applying a YAML manifest

As a cluster administrator, you can configure an additional network for your cluster. The following network types are supported:

Approaches to managing an additional network

You can manage the life cycle of an additional network by two approaches. Each approach is mutually exclusive and you can only use one approach for managing an additional network at a time. For either approach, the additional network is managed by a Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin that you configure.

For an additional network, IP addresses are provisioned through an IP Address Management (IPAM) CNI plugin that you configure as part of the additional network. The IPAM plugin supports a variety of IP address assignment approaches including DHCP and static assignment.

Modify the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) configuration: The CNO automatically creates and manages the NetworkAttachmentDefinition object. In addition to managing the object lifecycle the CNO ensures a DHCP is available for an additional network that uses a DHCP assigned IP address.
Applying a YAML manifest: You can manage the additional network directly by creating an NetworkAttachmentDefinition object. This approach allows for the chaining of CNI plugins.

Configuration for an additional network attachment

An additional network is configured via the NetworkAttachmentDefinition API in the k8s.cni.cncf.io API group.

Do not store any sensitive information or a secret in the NetworkAttachmentDefinition object because this information is accessible by the project administration user.

The configuration for the API is described in the following table:

Table 1. `NetworkAttachmentDefinition` API fields
Field	Type	Description
`metadata.name`	`string`	The name for the additional network.
`metadata.namespace`	`string`	The namespace that the object is associated with.
`spec.config`	`string`	The CNI plugin configuration in JSON format.

Configuration of an additional network through the Cluster Network Operator

The configuration for an additional network attachment is specified as part of the Cluster Network Operator (CNO) configuration.

The following YAML describes the configuration parameters for managing an additional network with the CNO:

Cluster Network Operator configuration

apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  # ...
  additionalNetworks: (1)
  - name: <name> (2)
    namespace: <namespace> (3)
    rawCNIConfig: |- (4)
      {
        ...
      }
    type: Raw

1	An array of one or more additional network configurations.
2	The name for the additional network attachment that you are creating. The name must be unique within the specified `namespace`.
3	The namespace to create the network attachment in. If you do not specify a value, then the `default` namespace is used.
4	A CNI plugin configuration in JSON format.

Configuration of an additional network from a YAML manifest

The configuration for an additional network is specified from a YAML configuration file, such as in the following example:

apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1
kind: NetworkAttachmentDefinition
metadata:
  name: <name> (1)
spec:
  config: |- (2)
    {
      ...
    }

1	The name for the additional network attachment that you are creating.
2	A CNI plugin configuration in JSON format.

Configurations for additional network types

The specific configuration fields for additional networks is described in the following sections.

Configuration for a bridge additional network

The following object describes the configuration parameters for the bridge CNI plugin:

Table 2. Bridge CNI plugin JSON configuration object
Field	Type	Description
`cniVersion`	`string`	The CNI specification version. The `0.3.1` value is required.
`name`	`string`	The value for the `name` parameter you provided previously for the CNO configuration.
`type`	`string`	The name of the CNI plugin to configure: `bridge`.
`ipam`	`object`	The configuration object for the IPAM CNI plugin. The plugin manages IP address assignment for the attachment definition.
`bridge`	`string`	Optional: Specify the name of the virtual bridge to use. If the bridge interface does not exist on the host, it is created. The default value is `cni0`.
`ipMasq`	`boolean`	Optional: Set to `true` to enable IP masquerading for traffic that leaves the virtual network. The source IP address for all traffic is rewritten to the bridge’s IP address. If the bridge does not have an IP address, this setting has no effect. The default value is `false`.
`isGateway`	`boolean`	Optional: Set to `true` to assign an IP address to the bridge. The default value is `false`.
`isDefaultGateway`	`boolean`	Optional: Set to `true` to configure the bridge as the default gateway for the virtual network. The default value is `false`. If `isDefaultGateway` is set to `true`, then `isGateway` is also set to `true` automatically.
`forceAddress`	`boolean`	Optional: Set to `true` to allow assignment of a previously assigned IP address to the virtual bridge. When set to `false`, if an IPv4 address or an IPv6 address from overlapping subsets is assigned to the virtual bridge, an error occurs. The default value is `false`.
`hairpinMode`	`boolean`	Optional: Set to `true` to allow the virtual bridge to send an Ethernet frame back through the virtual port it was received on. This mode is also known as reflective relay. The default value is `false`.
`promiscMode`	`boolean`	Optional: Set to `true` to enable promiscuous mode on the bridge. The default value is `false`.
`vlan`	`string`	Optional: Specify a virtual LAN (VLAN) tag as an integer value. By default, no VLAN tag is assigned.
`preserveDefaultVlan`	`string`	Optional: Indicates whether the default vlan must be preserved on the `veth` end connected to the bridge. Defaults to true.
`vlanTrunk`	`list`	Optional: Assign a VLAN trunk tag. The default value is `none`.
`mtu`	`string`	Optional: Set the maximum transmission unit (MTU) to the specified value. The default value is automatically set by the kernel.
`enabledad`	`boolean`	Optional: Enables duplicate address detection for the container side `veth`. The default value is `false`.
`macspoofchk`	`boolean`	Optional: Enables mac spoof check, limiting the traffic originating from the container to the mac address of the interface. The default value is `false`.

The VLAN parameter configures the VLAN tag on the host end of the veth and also enables the vlan_filtering feature on the bridge interface.

To configure uplink for a L2 network you need to allow the vlan on the uplink interface by using the following command:

$  bridge vlan add vid VLAN_ID dev DEV

bridge configuration example

The following example configures an additional network named bridge-net:

{
  "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
  "name": "bridge-net",
  "type": "bridge",
  "isGateway": true,
  "vlan": 2,
  "ipam": {
    "type": "dhcp"
    }
}

Configuration for a host device additional network

Specify your network device by setting only one of the following parameters: device,hwaddr, kernelpath, or pciBusID.

The following object describes the configuration parameters for the host-device CNI plugin:

Table 3. Host device CNI plugin JSON configuration object
Field	Type	Description
`cniVersion`	`string`	The CNI specification version. The `0.3.1` value is required.
`name`	`string`	The value for the `name` parameter you provided previously for the CNO configuration.
`type`	`string`	The name of the CNI plugin to configure: `host-device`.
`device`	`string`	Optional: The name of the device, such as `eth0`.
`hwaddr`	`string`	Optional: The device hardware MAC address.
`kernelpath`	`string`	Optional: The Linux kernel device path, such as `/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.6`.
`pciBusID`	`string`	Optional: The PCI address of the network device, such as `0000:00:1f.6`.

host-device configuration example

The following example configures an additional network named hostdev-net:

{
  "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
  "name": "hostdev-net",
  "type": "host-device",
  "device": "eth1"
}

Configuration for an IPVLAN additional network

The following object describes the configuration parameters for the IPVLAN CNI plugin:

Table 4. IPVLAN CNI plugin JSON configuration object
Field	Type	Description
`cniVersion`	`string`	The CNI specification version. The `0.3.1` value is required.
`name`	`string`	The value for the `name` parameter you provided previously for the CNO configuration.
`type`	`string`	The name of the CNI plugin to configure: `ipvlan`.
`ipam`	`object`	The configuration object for the IPAM CNI plugin. The plugin manages IP address assignment for the attachment definition. This is required unless the plugin is chained.
`mode`	`string`	Optional: The operating mode for the virtual network. The value must be `l2`, `l3`, or `l3s`. The default value is `l2`.
`master`	`string`	Optional: The Ethernet interface to associate with the network attachment. If a `master` is not specified, the interface for the default network route is used.
`mtu`	`integer`	Optional: Set the maximum transmission unit (MTU) to the specified value. The default value is automatically set by the kernel.

The ipvlan object does not allow virtual interfaces to communicate with the master interface. Therefore the container will not be able to reach the host by using the ipvlan interface. Be sure that the container joins a network that provides connectivity to the host, such as a network supporting the Precision Time Protocol (PTP).
A single master interface cannot simultaneously be configured to use both macvlan and ipvlan.
For IP allocation schemes that cannot be interface agnostic, the ipvlan plugin can be chained with an earlier plugin that handles this logic. If the master is omitted, then the previous result must contain a single interface name for the ipvlan plugin to enslave. If ipam is omitted, then the previous result is used to configure the ipvlan interface.

ipvlan configuration example

The following example configures an additional network named ipvlan-net:

{
  "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
  "name": "ipvlan-net",
  "type": "ipvlan",
  "master": "eth1",
  "mode": "l3",
  "ipam": {
    "type": "static",
    "addresses": [
       {
         "address": "192.168.10.10/24"
       }
    ]
  }
}

Configuration for a MACVLAN additional network

The following object describes the configuration parameters for the macvlan CNI plugin:

Table 5. MACVLAN CNI plugin JSON configuration object
Field	Type	Description
`cniVersion`	`string`	The CNI specification version. The `0.3.1` value is required.
`name`	`string`	The value for the `name` parameter you provided previously for the CNO configuration.
`type`	`string`	The name of the CNI plugin to configure: `macvlan`.
`ipam`	`object`	The configuration object for the IPAM CNI plugin. The plugin manages IP address assignment for the attachment definition.
`mode`	`string`	Optional: Configures traffic visibility on the virtual network. Must be either `bridge`, `passthru`, `private`, or `vepa`. If a value is not provided, the default value is `bridge`.
`master`	`string`	Optional: The host network interface to associate with the newly created macvlan interface. If a value is not specified, then the default route interface is used.
`mtu`	`string`	Optional: The maximum transmission unit (MTU) to the specified value. The default value is automatically set by the kernel.

If you specify the master key for the plugin configuration, use a different physical network interface than the one that is associated with your primary network plugin to avoid possible conflicts.

macvlan configuration example

The following example configures an additional network named macvlan-net:

{
  "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
  "name": "macvlan-net",
  "type": "macvlan",
  "master": "eth1",
  "mode": "bridge",
  "ipam": {
    "type": "dhcp"
    }
}

Configuration of IP address assignment for an additional network

The IP address management (IPAM) Container Network Interface (CNI) plugin provides IP addresses for other CNI plugins.

You can use the following IP address assignment types:

Static assignment.
Dynamic assignment through a DHCP server. The DHCP server you specify must be reachable from the additional network.
Dynamic assignment through the Whereabouts IPAM CNI plugin.

Static IP address assignment configuration

The following table describes the configuration for static IP address assignment:

Table 6. `ipam` static configuration object
Field	Type	Description
`type`	`string`	The IPAM address type. The value `static` is required.
`addresses`	`array`	An array of objects specifying IP addresses to assign to the virtual interface. Both IPv4 and IPv6 IP addresses are supported.
`routes`	`array`	An array of objects specifying routes to configure inside the pod.
`dns`	`array`	Optional: An array of objects specifying the DNS configuration.

The addresses array requires objects with the following fields:

Table 7. `ipam.addresses[]` array
Field	Type	Description
`address`	`string`	An IP address and network prefix that you specify. For example, if you specify `10.10.21.10/24`, then the additional network is assigned an IP address of `10.10.21.10` and the netmask is `255.255.255.0`.
`gateway`	`string`	The default gateway to route egress network traffic to.

Table 8. `ipam.routes[]` array
Field	Type	Description
`dst`	`string`	The IP address range in CIDR format, such as `192.168.17.0/24` or `0.0.0.0/0` for the default route.
`gw`	`string`	The gateway where network traffic is routed.

Table 9. `ipam.dns` object
Field	Type	Description
`nameservers`	`array`	An array of one or more IP addresses for to send DNS queries to.
`domain`	`array`	The default domain to append to a hostname. For example, if the domain is set to `example.com`, a DNS lookup query for `example-host` is rewritten as `example-host.example.com`.
`search`	`array`	An array of domain names to append to an unqualified hostname, such as `example-host`, during a DNS lookup query.

Static IP address assignment configuration example

{
  "ipam": {
    "type": "static",
      "addresses": [
        {
          "address": "191.168.1.7/24"
        }
      ]
  }
}

Dynamic IP address (DHCP) assignment configuration

The following JSON describes the configuration for dynamic IP address address assignment with DHCP.

Renewal of DHCP leases

A pod obtains its original DHCP lease when it is created. The lease must be periodically renewed by a minimal DHCP server deployment running on the cluster.

To trigger the deployment of the DHCP server, you must create a shim network attachment by editing the Cluster Network Operator configuration, as in the following example:

Example shim network attachment definition

apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  additionalNetworks:
  - name: dhcp-shim
    namespace: default
    type: Raw
    rawCNIConfig: |-
      {
        "name": "dhcp-shim",
        "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
        "type": "bridge",
        "ipam": {
          "type": "dhcp"
        }
      }
  # ...

Table 10. `ipam` DHCP configuration object
Field	Type	Description
`type`	`string`	The IPAM address type. The value `dhcp` is required.

Dynamic IP address (DHCP) assignment configuration example

{
  "ipam": {
    "type": "dhcp"
  }
}

Dynamic IP address assignment configuration with Whereabouts

The Whereabouts CNI plugin allows the dynamic assignment of an IP address to an additional network without the use of a DHCP server.

The following table describes the configuration for dynamic IP address assignment with Whereabouts:

Table 11. `ipam` whereabouts configuration object
Field	Type	Description
`type`	`string`	The IPAM address type. The value `whereabouts` is required.
`range`	`string`	An IP address and range in CIDR notation. IP addresses are assigned from within this range of addresses.
`exclude`	`array`	Optional: A list of zero or more IP addresses and ranges in CIDR notation. IP addresses within an excluded address range are not assigned.

Dynamic IP address assignment configuration example that uses Whereabouts

{
  "ipam": {
    "type": "whereabouts",
    "range": "192.0.2.192/27",
    "exclude": [
       "192.0.2.192/30",
       "192.0.2.196/32"
    ]
  }
}

Creating a Whereabouts reconciler daemon set

The Whereabouts reconciler is responsible for managing dynamic IP address assignments for the pods within a cluster using the Whereabouts IP Address Management (IPAM) solution. It ensures that each pods gets a unique IP address from the specified IP address range. It also handles IP address releases when pods are deleted or scaled down.

You can also use a NetworkAttachmentDefinition custom resource for dynamic IP address assignment.

The Whereabouts reconciler daemon set is automatically created when you configure an additional network through the Cluster Network Operator. It is not automatically created when you configure an additional network from a YAML manifest.

To trigger the deployment of the Whereabouts reconciler daemonset, you must manually create a whereabouts-shim network attachment by editing the Cluster Network Operator custom resource file.

Use the following procedure to deploy the Whereabouts reconciler daemonset.

Procedure

Edit the Network.operator.openshift.io custom resource (CR) by running the following command:
```
$ oc edit network.operator.openshift.io cluster
```

Modify the additionalNetworks parameter in the CR to add the whereabouts-shim network attachment definition. For example:

apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  additionalNetworks:
  - name: whereabouts-shim
    namespace: default
    rawCNIConfig: |-
      {
       "name": "whereabouts-shim",
       "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
       "type": "bridge",
       "ipam": {
         "type": "whereabouts"
       }
      }
    type: Raw

Save the file and exit the text editor.

Verify that the whereabouts-reconciler daemon set deployed successfully by running the following command:

$ oc get all -n openshift-multus | grep whereabouts-reconciler

Example output

pod/whereabouts-reconciler-jnp6g 1/1 Running 0 6s
pod/whereabouts-reconciler-k76gg 1/1 Running 0 6s
pod/whereabouts-reconciler-k86t9 1/1 Running 0 6s
pod/whereabouts-reconciler-p4sxw 1/1 Running 0 6s
pod/whereabouts-reconciler-rvfdv 1/1 Running 0 6s
pod/whereabouts-reconciler-svzw9 1/1 Running 0 6s
daemonset.apps/whereabouts-reconciler 6 6 6 6 6 kubernetes.io/os=linux 6s

Creating an additional network attachment with the Cluster Network Operator

The Cluster Network Operator (CNO) manages additional network definitions. When you specify an additional network to create, the CNO creates the NetworkAttachmentDefinition object automatically.

Do not edit the NetworkAttachmentDefinition objects that the Cluster Network Operator manages. Doing so might disrupt network traffic on your additional network.

Prerequisites

Install the OpenShift CLI (oc).
Log in as a user with cluster-admin privileges.

Procedure

Optional: Create the namespace for the additional networks:
```
$ oc create namespace <namespace_name>
```
To edit the CNO configuration, enter the following command:
```
$ oc edit networks.operator.openshift.io cluster
```

Modify the CR that you are creating by adding the configuration for the additional network that you are creating, as in the following example CR.

apiVersion: operator.openshift.io/v1
kind: Network
metadata:
  name: cluster
spec:
  # ...
  additionalNetworks:
  - name: tertiary-net
    namespace: namespace2
    type: Raw
    rawCNIConfig: |-
      {
        "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
        "name": "tertiary-net",
        "type": "ipvlan",
        "master": "eth1",
        "mode": "l2",
        "ipam": {
          "type": "static",
          "addresses": [
            {
              "address": "192.168.1.23/24"
            }
          ]
        }
      }

Save your changes and quit the text editor to commit your changes.

Verification

Confirm that the CNO created the NetworkAttachmentDefinition object by running the following command. There might be a delay before the CNO creates the object.
```
$ oc get network-attachment-definitions -n <namespace>
```
where:

<namespace>

Specifies the namespace for the network attachment that you added to the CNO configuration.
Example output
```
NAME                 AGE
test-network-1       14m
```

Creating an additional network attachment by applying a YAML manifest

Prerequisites

Install the OpenShift CLI (oc).
Log in as a user with cluster-admin privileges.

Procedure

Create a YAML file with your additional network configuration, such as in the following example:

apiVersion: k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1
kind: NetworkAttachmentDefinition
metadata:
  name: next-net
spec:
  config: |-
    {
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "name": "work-network",
      "type": "host-device",
      "device": "eth1",
      "ipam": {
        "type": "dhcp"
      }
    }

To create the additional network, enter the following command:
```
$ oc apply -f <file>.yaml
```
where:

<file>

Specifies the name of the file contained the YAML manifest.