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Expose pod information to Containers using the Downward API

The Downward API contains such information as the pod’s name, project, and resource values. Containers can consume information from the downward API using environment variables or a volume plugin.

Fields within the pod are selected using the FieldRef API type. FieldRef has two fields:

Field Description

fieldPath

The path of the field to select, relative to the pod.

apiVersion

The API version to interpret the fieldPath selector within.

Currently, the valid selectors in the v1 API include:

Selector Description

metadata.name

The pod’s name. This is supported in both environment variables and volumes.

metadata.namespace

The pod’s namespace.This is supported in both environment variables and volumes.

metadata.labels

The pod’s labels. This is only supported in volumes and not in environment variables.

metadata.annotations

The pod’s annotations. This is only supported in volumes and not in environment variables.

status.podIP

The pod’s IP. This is only supported in environment variables and not volumes.

The apiVersion field, if not specified, defaults to the API version of the enclosing pod template.

Understanding how to consume container values using the downward API

You containers can consume API values using environment variables or a volume plugin. Depending on the method you choose, containers can consume:

  • Pod name

  • Pod project/namespace

  • Pod annotations

  • Pod labels

Annotations and labels are available using only a volume plugin.

Consuming container values using environment variables

When using a container’s environment variables, use the EnvVar type’s valueFrom field (of type EnvVarSource) to specify that the variable’s value should come from a FieldRef source instead of the literal value specified by the value field.

Only constant attributes of the pod can be consumed this way, as environment variables cannot be updated once a process is started in a way that allows the process to be notified that the value of a variable has changed. The fields supported using environment variables are:

  • Pod name

  • Pod project/namespace

Procedure
  1. Create a new pod spec that contains the environment variables you want the container to consume:

    1. Create a pod.yaml file similar to the following:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Pod
      metadata:
        name: dapi-env-test-pod
      spec:
        containers:
          - name: env-test-container
            image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
            command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "env" ]
            env:
              - name: MY_POD_NAME
                valueFrom:
                  fieldRef:
                    fieldPath: metadata.name
              - name: MY_POD_NAMESPACE
                valueFrom:
                  fieldRef:
                    fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        restartPolicy: Never
      # ...
    2. Create the pod from the pod.yaml file:

      $ oc create -f pod.yaml
Verification
  • Check the container’s logs for the MY_POD_NAME and MY_POD_NAMESPACE values:

    $ oc logs -p dapi-env-test-pod

Consuming container values using a volume plugin

You containers can consume API values using a volume plugin.

Containers can consume:

  • Pod name

  • Pod project/namespace

  • Pod annotations

  • Pod labels

Procedure

To use the volume plugin:

  1. Create a new pod spec that contains the environment variables you want the container to consume:

    1. Create a volume-pod.yaml file similar to the following:

      kind: Pod
      apiVersion: v1
      metadata:
        labels:
          zone: us-east-coast
          cluster: downward-api-test-cluster1
          rack: rack-123
        name: dapi-volume-test-pod
        annotations:
          annotation1: "345"
          annotation2: "456"
      spec:
        containers:
          - name: volume-test-container
            image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
            command: ["sh", "-c", "cat /tmp/etc/pod_labels /tmp/etc/pod_annotations"]
            volumeMounts:
              - name: podinfo
                mountPath: /tmp/etc
                readOnly: false
        volumes:
        - name: podinfo
          downwardAPI:
            defaultMode: 420
            items:
            - fieldRef:
                fieldPath: metadata.name
              path: pod_name
            - fieldRef:
                fieldPath: metadata.namespace
              path: pod_namespace
            - fieldRef:
                fieldPath: metadata.labels
              path: pod_labels
            - fieldRef:
                fieldPath: metadata.annotations
              path: pod_annotations
        restartPolicy: Never
      # ...
    2. Create the pod from the volume-pod.yaml file:

      $ oc create -f volume-pod.yaml
Verification
  • Check the container’s logs and verify the presence of the configured fields:

    $ oc logs -p dapi-volume-test-pod
    Example output
    cluster=downward-api-test-cluster1
    rack=rack-123
    zone=us-east-coast
    annotation1=345
    annotation2=456
    kubernetes.io/config.source=api

Understanding how to consume container resources using the Downward API

When creating pods, you can use the Downward API to inject information about computing resource requests and limits so that image and application authors can correctly create an image for specific environments.

You can do this using environment variable or a volume plugin.

Consuming container resources using environment variables

When creating pods, you can use the Downward API to inject information about computing resource requests and limits using environment variables.

When creating the pod configuration, specify environment variables that correspond to the contents of the resources field in the spec.container field.

If the resource limits are not included in the container configuration, the downward API defaults to the node’s CPU and memory allocatable values.

Procedure
  1. Create a new pod spec that contains the resources you want to inject:

    1. Create a pod.yaml file similar to the following:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Pod
      metadata:
        name: dapi-env-test-pod
      spec:
        containers:
          - name: test-container
            image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox:1.24
            command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "env" ]
            resources:
              requests:
                memory: "32Mi"
                cpu: "125m"
              limits:
                memory: "64Mi"
                cpu: "250m"
            env:
              - name: MY_CPU_REQUEST
                valueFrom:
                  resourceFieldRef:
                    resource: requests.cpu
              - name: MY_CPU_LIMIT
                valueFrom:
                  resourceFieldRef:
                    resource: limits.cpu
              - name: MY_MEM_REQUEST
                valueFrom:
                  resourceFieldRef:
                    resource: requests.memory
              - name: MY_MEM_LIMIT
                valueFrom:
                  resourceFieldRef:
                    resource: limits.memory
      # ...
    2. Create the pod from the pod.yaml file:

      $ oc create -f pod.yaml

Consuming container resources using a volume plugin

When creating pods, you can use the Downward API to inject information about computing resource requests and limits using a volume plugin.

When creating the pod configuration, use the spec.volumes.downwardAPI.items field to describe the desired resources that correspond to the spec.resources field.

If the resource limits are not included in the container configuration, the Downward API defaults to the node’s CPU and memory allocatable values.

Procedure
  1. Create a new pod spec that contains the resources you want to inject:

    1. Create a pod.yaml file similar to the following:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Pod
      metadata:
        name: dapi-env-test-pod
      spec:
        containers:
          - name: client-container
            image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox:1.24
            command: ["sh", "-c", "while true; do echo; if [[ -e /etc/cpu_limit ]]; then cat /etc/cpu_limit; fi; if [[ -e /etc/cpu_request ]]; then cat /etc/cpu_request; fi; if [[ -e /etc/mem_limit ]]; then cat /etc/mem_limit; fi; if [[ -e /etc/mem_request ]]; then cat /etc/mem_request; fi; sleep 5; done"]
            resources:
              requests:
                memory: "32Mi"
                cpu: "125m"
              limits:
                memory: "64Mi"
                cpu: "250m"
            volumeMounts:
              - name: podinfo
                mountPath: /etc
                readOnly: false
        volumes:
          - name: podinfo
            downwardAPI:
              items:
                - path: "cpu_limit"
                  resourceFieldRef:
                    containerName: client-container
                    resource: limits.cpu
                - path: "cpu_request"
                  resourceFieldRef:
                    containerName: client-container
                    resource: requests.cpu
                - path: "mem_limit"
                  resourceFieldRef:
                    containerName: client-container
                    resource: limits.memory
                - path: "mem_request"
                  resourceFieldRef:
                    containerName: client-container
                    resource: requests.memory
      # ...
    2. Create the pod from the volume-pod.yaml file:

      $ oc create -f volume-pod.yaml

Consuming secrets using the Downward API

When creating pods, you can use the downward API to inject secrets so image and application authors can create an image for specific environments.

Procedure
  1. Create a secret to inject:

    1. Create a secret.yaml file similar to the following:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Secret
      metadata:
        name: mysecret
      data:
        password: <password>
        username: <username>
      type: kubernetes.io/basic-auth
    2. Create the secret object from the secret.yaml file:

      $ oc create -f secret.yaml
  2. Create a pod that references the username field from the above Secret object:

    1. Create a pod.yaml file similar to the following:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Pod
      metadata:
        name: dapi-env-test-pod
      spec:
        containers:
          - name: env-test-container
            image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
            command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "env" ]
            env:
              - name: MY_SECRET_USERNAME
                valueFrom:
                  secretKeyRef:
                    name: mysecret
                    key: username
        restartPolicy: Never
      # ...
    2. Create the pod from the pod.yaml file:

      $ oc create -f pod.yaml
Verification
  • Check the container’s logs for the MY_SECRET_USERNAME value:

    $ oc logs -p dapi-env-test-pod

Consuming configuration maps using the Downward API

When creating pods, you can use the Downward API to inject configuration map values so image and application authors can create an image for specific environments.

Procedure
  1. Create a config map with the values to inject:

    1. Create a configmap.yaml file similar to the following:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: ConfigMap
      metadata:
        name: myconfigmap
      data:
        mykey: myvalue
    2. Create the config map from the configmap.yaml file:

      $ oc create -f configmap.yaml
  2. Create a pod that references the above config map:

    1. Create a pod.yaml file similar to the following:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Pod
      metadata:
        name: dapi-env-test-pod
      spec:
        containers:
          - name: env-test-container
            image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
            command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "env" ]
            env:
              - name: MY_CONFIGMAP_VALUE
                valueFrom:
                  configMapKeyRef:
                    name: myconfigmap
                    key: mykey
        restartPolicy: Always
      # ...
    2. Create the pod from the pod.yaml file:

      $ oc create -f pod.yaml
Verification
  • Check the container’s logs for the MY_CONFIGMAP_VALUE value:

    $ oc logs -p dapi-env-test-pod

Referencing environment variables

When creating pods, you can reference the value of a previously defined environment variable by using the $() syntax. If the environment variable reference can not be resolved, the value will be left as the provided string.

Procedure
  1. Create a pod that references an existing environment variable:

    1. Create a pod.yaml file similar to the following:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Pod
      metadata:
        name: dapi-env-test-pod
      spec:
        containers:
          - name: env-test-container
            image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
            command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "env" ]
            env:
              - name: MY_EXISTING_ENV
                value: my_value
              - name: MY_ENV_VAR_REF_ENV
                value: $(MY_EXISTING_ENV)
        restartPolicy: Never
      # ...
    2. Create the pod from the pod.yaml file:

      $ oc create -f pod.yaml
Verification
  • Check the container’s logs for the MY_ENV_VAR_REF_ENV value:

    $ oc logs -p dapi-env-test-pod

Escaping environment variable references

When creating a pod, you can escape an environment variable reference by using a double dollar sign. The value will then be set to a single dollar sign version of the provided value.

Procedure
  1. Create a pod that references an existing environment variable:

    1. Create a pod.yaml file similar to the following:

      apiVersion: v1
      kind: Pod
      metadata:
        name: dapi-env-test-pod
      spec:
        containers:
          - name: env-test-container
            image: gcr.io/google_containers/busybox
            command: [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "env" ]
            env:
              - name: MY_NEW_ENV
                value: $$(SOME_OTHER_ENV)
        restartPolicy: Never
      # ...
    2. Create the pod from the pod.yaml file:

      $ oc create -f pod.yaml
Verification
  • Check the container’s logs for the MY_NEW_ENV value:

    $ oc logs -p dapi-env-test-pod