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Advanced migration options

Terminology

Table 1. MTC terminology
Term Definition

Source cluster

Cluster from which the applications are migrated.

Destination cluster[1]

Cluster to which the applications are migrated.

Replication repository

Object storage used for copying images, volumes, and Kubernetes objects during indirect migration or for Kubernetes objects during direct volume migration or direct image migration.

The replication repository must be accessible to all clusters.

Host cluster

Cluster on which the migration-controller pod and the web console are running. The host cluster is usually the destination cluster but this is not required.

The host cluster does not require an exposed registry route for direct image migration.

Remote cluster

A remote cluster is usually the source cluster but this is not required.

A remote cluster requires a Secret custom resource that contains the migration-controller service account token.

A remote cluster requires an exposed secure registry route for direct image migration.

Indirect migration

Images, volumes, and Kubernetes objects are copied from the source cluster to the replication repository and then from the replication repository to the destination cluster.

Direct volume migration

Persistent volumes are copied directly from the source cluster to the destination cluster.

Direct image migration

Images are copied directly from the source cluster to the destination cluster.

Stage migration

Data is copied to the destination cluster without stopping the application.

Running a stage migration multiple times reduces the duration of the cutover migration.

Cutover migration

The application is stopped on the source cluster and its resources are migrated to the destination cluster.

State migration

Application state is migrated by copying specific persistent volume claims to the destination cluster.

Rollback migration

Rollback migration rolls back a completed migration.

1 Called the target cluster in the MTC web console.

Migrating applications by using the command line

You can migrate applications with the MTC API by using the command line interface (CLI) in order to automate the migration.

Migration prerequisites

  • You must be logged in as a user with cluster-admin privileges on all clusters.

Direct image migration

  • You must ensure that the secure internal registry of the source cluster is exposed.

  • You must create a route to the exposed registry.

Direct volume migration

  • If your clusters use proxies, you must configure an Stunnel TCP proxy.

Internal images

  • If your application uses internal images from the openshift namespace, you must ensure that the required versions of the images are present on the target cluster.

    You can manually update an image stream tag in order to use a deprecated OpenShift Container Platform 3 image on an OpenShift Container Platform 4.9 cluster.

Clusters

  • The source cluster must be upgraded to the latest MTC z-stream release.

  • The MTC version must be the same on all clusters.

Network

  • The clusters have unrestricted network access to each other and to the replication repository.

  • If you copy the persistent volumes with move, the clusters must have unrestricted network access to the remote volumes.

  • You must enable the following ports on an OpenShift Container Platform 3 cluster:

    • 8443 (API server)

    • 443 (routes)

    • 53 (DNS)

  • You must enable the following ports on an OpenShift Container Platform 4 cluster:

    • 6443 (API server)

    • 443 (routes)

    • 53 (DNS)

  • You must enable port 443 on the replication repository if you are using TLS.

Persistent volumes (PVs)

  • The PVs must be valid.

  • The PVs must be bound to persistent volume claims.

  • If you use snapshots to copy the PVs, the following additional prerequisites apply:

    • The cloud provider must support snapshots.

    • The PVs must have the same cloud provider.

    • The PVs must be located in the same geographic region.

    • The PVs must have the same storage class.

Creating a registry route for direct image migration

For direct image migration, you must create a route to the exposed internal registry on all remote clusters.

Prerequisites

  • The internal registry must be exposed to external traffic on all remote clusters.

    The OpenShift Container Platform 4 registry is exposed by default.

    The OpenShift Container Platform 3 registry must be exposed manually.

Procedure

  • To create a route to an OpenShift Container Platform 3 registry, run the following command:

    $ oc create route passthrough --service=docker-registry -n default

  • To create a route to an OpenShift Container Platform 4 registry, run the following command:

    $ oc create route passthrough --service=image-registry -n openshift-image-registry

Proxy configuration

For OpenShift Container Platform 4.1 and earlier versions, you must configure proxies in the MigrationController custom resource (CR) manifest after you install the Migration Toolkit for Containers Operator because these versions do not support a cluster-wide proxy object.

For OpenShift Container Platform 4.2 to 4.9, the Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) inherits the cluster-wide proxy settings. You can change the proxy parameters if you want to override the cluster-wide proxy settings.

Direct volume migration

Direct Volume Migration (DVM) was introduced in MTC 1.4.2. DVM supports only one proxy. The source cluster cannot access the route of the target cluster if the target cluster is also behind a proxy.

If you want to perform a DVM from a source cluster behind a proxy, you must configure a TCP proxy that works at the transport layer and forwards the SSL connections transparently without decrypting and re-encrypting them with their own SSL certificates. A Stunnel proxy is an example of such a proxy.

TCP proxy setup for DVM

You can set up a direct connection between the source and the target cluster through a TCP proxy and configure the stunnel_tcp_proxy variable in the MigrationController CR to use the proxy:

apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigrationController
metadata:
  name: migration-controller
  namespace: openshift-migration
spec:
  [...]
  stunnel_tcp_proxy: http://username:password@ip:port

Direct volume migration (DVM) supports only basic authentication for the proxy. Moreover, DVM works only from behind proxies that can tunnel a TCP connection transparently. HTTP/HTTPS proxies in man-in-the-middle mode do not work. The existing cluster-wide proxies might not support this behavior. As a result, the proxy settings for DVM are intentionally kept different from the usual proxy configuration in MTC.

Why use a TCP proxy instead of an HTTP/HTTPS proxy?

You can enable DVM by running Rsync between the source and the target cluster over an OpenShift route. Traffic is encrypted using Stunnel, a TCP proxy. The Stunnel running on the source cluster initiates a TLS connection with the target Stunnel and transfers data over an encrypted channel.

Cluster-wide HTTP/HTTPS proxies in OpenShift are usually configured in man-in-the-middle mode where they negotiate their own TLS session with the outside servers. However, this does not work with Stunnel. Stunnel requires that its TLS session be untouched by the proxy, essentially making the proxy a transparent tunnel which simply forwards the TCP connection as-is. Therefore, you must use a TCP proxy.

Known issue
Migration fails with error Upgrade request required

The migration Controller uses the SPDY protocol to execute commands within remote pods. If the remote cluster is behind a proxy or a firewall that does not support the SPDY protocol, the migration controller fails to execute remote commands. The migration fails with the error message Upgrade request required. Workaround: Use a proxy that supports the SPDY protocol.

In addition to supporting the SPDY protocol, the proxy or firewall also must pass the Upgrade HTTP header to the API server. The client uses this header to open a websocket connection with the API server. If the Upgrade header is blocked by the proxy or firewall, the migration fails with the error message Upgrade request required. Workaround: Ensure that the proxy forwards the Upgrade header.

Tuning network policies for migrations

OpenShift supports restricting traffic to or from pods using NetworkPolicy or EgressFirewalls based on the network plugin used by the cluster. If any of the source namespaces involved in a migration use such mechanisms to restrict network traffic to pods, the restrictions might inadvertently stop traffic to Rsync pods during migration.

Rsync pods running on both the source and the target clusters must connect to each other over an OpenShift Route. Existing NetworkPolicy or EgressNetworkPolicy objects can be configured to automatically exempt Rsync pods from these traffic restrictions.

NetworkPolicy configuration
Egress traffic from Rsync pods

You can use the unique labels of Rsync pods to allow egress traffic to pass from them if the NetworkPolicy configuration in the source or destination namespaces blocks this type of traffic. The following policy allows all egress traffic from Rsync pods in the namespace:

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: allow-all-egress-from-rsync-pods
spec:
  podSelector:
    matchLabels:
      owner: directvolumemigration
      app: directvolumemigration-rsync-transfer
  egress:
  - {}
  policyTypes:
  - Egress
Ingress traffic to Rsync pods
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: allow-all-egress-from-rsync-pods
spec:
  podSelector:
    matchLabels:
      owner: directvolumemigration
      app: directvolumemigration-rsync-transfer
  ingress:
  - {}
  policyTypes:
  - Ingress
EgressNetworkPolicy configuration

The EgressNetworkPolicy object or Egress Firewalls are OpenShift constructs designed to block egress traffic leaving the cluster.

Unlike the NetworkPolicy object, the Egress Firewall works at a project level because it applies to all pods in the namespace. Therefore, the unique labels of Rsync pods do not exempt only Rsync pods from the restrictions. However, you can add the CIDR ranges of the source or target cluster to the Allow rule of the policy so that a direct connection can be setup between two clusters.

Based on which cluster the Egress Firewall is present in, you can add the CIDR range of the other cluster to allow egress traffic between the two:

apiVersion: network.openshift.io/v1
kind: EgressNetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: test-egress-policy
  namespace: <namespace>
spec:
  egress:
  - to:
      cidrSelector: <cidr_of_source_or_target_cluster>
    type: Deny
Choosing alternate endpoints for data transfer

By default, DVM uses an OpenShift Container Platform route as an endpoint to transfer PV data to destination clusters. You can choose another type of supported endpoint, if cluster topologies allow.

For each cluster, you can configure an endpoint by setting the rsync_endpoint_type variable on the appropriate destination cluster in your MigrationController CR:

apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigrationController
metadata:
  name: migration-controller
  namespace: openshift-migration
spec:
  [...]
  rsync_endpoint_type: [NodePort|ClusterIP|Route]
Configuring supplemental groups for Rsync pods

When your PVCs use a shared storage, you can configure the access to that storage by adding supplemental groups to Rsync pod definitions in order for the pods to allow access:

Table 2. Supplementary groups for Rsync pods
Variable Type Default Description

src_supplemental_groups

string

Not set

Comma-separated list of supplemental groups for source Rsync pods

target_supplemental_groups

string

Not set

Comma-separated list of supplemental groups for target Rsync pods
Example usage

The MigrationController CR can be updated to set values for these supplemental groups:

spec:
  src_supplemental_groups: "1000,2000"
  target_supplemental_groups: "2000,3000"

Configuring proxies

Prerequisites

  • You must be logged in as a user with cluster-admin privileges on all clusters.

Procedure

  1. Get the MigrationController CR manifest:

    $ oc get migrationcontroller <migration_controller> -n openshift-migration

  2. Update the proxy parameters:

    apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigrationController
metadata:
  name: <migration_controller>
  namespace: openshift-migration
...
spec:
  stunnel_tcp_proxy: http://<username>:<password>@<ip>:<port> (1)
  noProxy: example.com (2)
    1 Stunnel proxy URL for direct volume migration.
    2 Comma-separated list of destination domain names, domains, IP addresses, or other network CIDRs to exclude proxying.

    Preface a domain with . to match subdomains only. For example, .y.com matches x.y.com, but not y.com. Use * to bypass proxy for all destinations. If you scale up workers that are not included in the network defined by the networking.machineNetwork[].cidr field from the installation configuration, you must add them to this list to prevent connection issues.

    This field is ignored if neither the httpProxy nor the httpsProxy field is set.

  3. Save the manifest as migration-controller.yaml.

  4. Apply the updated manifest:

    $ oc replace -f migration-controller.yaml -n openshift-migration

Migrating an application by using the MTC API

You can migrate an application from the command line by using the Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) API.

Procedure

  1. Create a MigCluster CR manifest for the host cluster:

    $ cat << EOF | oc apply -f -
apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigCluster
metadata:
  name: <host_cluster>
  namespace: openshift-migration
spec:
  isHostCluster: true
EOF

  2. Create a Secret object manifest for each remote cluster:

    $ cat << EOF | oc apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: <cluster_secret>
  namespace: openshift-config
type: Opaque
data:
  saToken: <sa_token> (1)
EOF
    1 Specify the base64-encoded migration-controller service account (SA) token of the remote cluster. You can obtain the token by running the following command: 
    $ oc sa get-token migration-controller -n openshift-migration | base64 -w 0

  3. Create a MigCluster CR manifest for each remote cluster:

    $ cat << EOF | oc apply -f -
apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigCluster
metadata:
  name: <remote_cluster> (1)
  namespace: openshift-migration
spec:
  exposedRegistryPath: <exposed_registry_route> (2)
  insecure: false (3)
  isHostCluster: false
  serviceAccountSecretRef:
    name: <remote_cluster_secret> (4)
    namespace: openshift-config
  url: <remote_cluster_url> (5)
EOF
    1 Specify the Cluster CR of the remote cluster.
    2 Optional: For direct image migration, specify the exposed registry route.
    3 SSL verification is enabled if false. CA certificates are not required or checked if true.
    4 Specify the Secret object of the remote cluster.
    5 Specify the URL of the remote cluster.

  4. Verify that all clusters are in a Ready state:

    $ oc describe cluster <cluster>

  5. Create a Secret object manifest for the replication repository:

    $ cat << EOF | oc apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  namespace: openshift-config
  name: <migstorage_creds>
type: Opaque
data:
  aws-access-key-id: <key_id_base64> (1)
  aws-secret-access-key: <secret_key_base64> (2)
EOF
    1 Specify the key ID in base64 format.
    2 Specify the secret key in base64 format.

    AWS credentials are base64-encoded by default. For other storage providers, you must encode your credentials by running the following command with each key:

    $ echo -n "<key>" | base64 -w 0 (1)
    1 Specify the key ID or the secret key. Both keys must be base64-encoded.

  6. Create a MigStorage CR manifest for the replication repository:

    $ cat << EOF | oc apply -f -
apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigStorage
metadata:
  name: <migstorage>
  namespace: openshift-migration
spec:
  backupStorageConfig:
    awsBucketName: <bucket> (1)
    credsSecretRef:
      name: <storage_secret> (2)
      namespace: openshift-config
  backupStorageProvider: <storage_provider> (3)
  volumeSnapshotConfig:
    credsSecretRef:
      name: <storage_secret> (4)
      namespace: openshift-config
  volumeSnapshotProvider: <storage_provider> (5)
EOF
    1 Specify the bucket name.
    2 Specify the Secrets CR of the object storage. You must ensure that the credentials stored in the Secrets CR of the object storage are correct.
    3 Specify the storage provider.
    4 Optional: If you are copying data by using snapshots, specify the Secrets CR of the object storage. You must ensure that the credentials stored in the Secrets CR of the object storage are correct.
    5 Optional: If you are copying data by using snapshots, specify the storage provider.

  7. Verify that the MigStorage CR is in a Ready state:

    $ oc describe migstorage <migstorage>

  8. Create a MigPlan CR manifest:

    $ cat << EOF | oc apply -f -
apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigPlan
metadata:
  name: <migplan>
  namespace: openshift-migration
spec:
  destMigClusterRef:
    name: <host_cluster>
    namespace: openshift-migration
  indirectImageMigration: true (1)
  indirectVolumeMigration: true (2)
  migStorageRef:
    name: <migstorage> (3)
    namespace: openshift-migration
  namespaces:
    - <source_namespace_1> (4)
    - <source_namespace_2>
    - <source_namespace_3>:<destination_namespace> (5)
  srcMigClusterRef:
    name: <remote_cluster> (6)
    namespace: openshift-migration
EOF
    1 Direct image migration is enabled if false.
    2 Direct volume migration is enabled if false.
    3 Specify the name of the MigStorage CR instance.
    4 Specify one or more source namespaces. By default, the destination namespace has the same name.
    5 Specify a destination namespace if it is different from the source namespace.
    6 Specify the name of the source cluster MigCluster instance.

  9. Verify that the MigPlan instance is in a Ready state:

    $ oc describe migplan <migplan> -n openshift-migration

  10. Create a MigMigration CR manifest to start the migration defined in the MigPlan instance:

    $ cat << EOF | oc apply -f -
apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigMigration
metadata:
  name: <migmigration>
  namespace: openshift-migration
spec:
  migPlanRef:
    name: <migplan> (1)
    namespace: openshift-migration
  quiescePods: true (2)
  stage: false (3)
  rollback: false (4)
EOF
    1 Specify the MigPlan CR name.
    2 The pods on the source cluster are stopped before migration if true.
    3 A stage migration, which copies most of the data without stopping the application, is performed if true.
    4 A completed migration is rolled back if true.

  11. Verify the migration by watching the MigMigration CR progress:

    $ oc watch migmigration <migmigration> -n openshift-migration

    The output resembles the following:

    Example output
    Name:         c8b034c0-6567-11eb-9a4f-0bc004db0fbc
Namespace:    openshift-migration
Labels:       migration.openshift.io/migplan-name=django
Annotations:  openshift.io/touch: e99f9083-6567-11eb-8420-0a580a81020c
API Version:  migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
Kind:         MigMigration
...
Spec:
  Mig Plan Ref:
    Name:       migplan
    Namespace:  openshift-migration
  Stage:        false
Status:
  Conditions:
    Category:              Advisory
    Last Transition Time:  2021-02-02T15:04:09Z
    Message:               Step: 19/47
    Reason:                InitialBackupCreated
    Status:                True
    Type:                  Running
    Category:              Required
    Last Transition Time:  2021-02-02T15:03:19Z
    Message:               The migration is ready.
    Status:                True
    Type:                  Ready
    Category:              Required
    Durable:               true
    Last Transition Time:  2021-02-02T15:04:05Z
    Message:               The migration registries are healthy.
    Status:                True
    Type:                  RegistriesHealthy
  Itinerary:               Final
  Observed Digest:         7fae9d21f15979c71ddc7dd075cb97061895caac5b936d92fae967019ab616d5
  Phase:                   InitialBackupCreated
  Pipeline:
    Completed:  2021-02-02T15:04:07Z
    Message:    Completed
    Name:       Prepare
    Started:    2021-02-02T15:03:18Z
    Message:    Waiting for initial Velero backup to complete.
    Name:       Backup
    Phase:      InitialBackupCreated
    Progress:
      Backup openshift-migration/c8b034c0-6567-11eb-9a4f-0bc004db0fbc-wpc44: 0 out of estimated total of 0 objects backed up (5s)
    Started:        2021-02-02T15:04:07Z
    Message:        Not started
    Name:           StageBackup
    Message:        Not started
    Name:           StageRestore
    Message:        Not started
    Name:           DirectImage
    Message:        Not started
    Name:           DirectVolume
    Message:        Not started
    Name:           Restore
    Message:        Not started
    Name:           Cleanup
  Start Timestamp:  2021-02-02T15:03:18Z
Events:
  Type    Reason   Age                 From                     Message
  ----    ------   ----                ----                     -------
  Normal  Running  57s                 migmigration_controller  Step: 2/47
  Normal  Running  57s                 migmigration_controller  Step: 3/47
  Normal  Running  57s (x3 over 57s)   migmigration_controller  Step: 4/47
  Normal  Running  54s                 migmigration_controller  Step: 5/47
  Normal  Running  54s                 migmigration_controller  Step: 6/47
  Normal  Running  52s (x2 over 53s)   migmigration_controller  Step: 7/47
  Normal  Running  51s (x2 over 51s)   migmigration_controller  Step: 8/47
  Normal  Ready    50s (x12 over 57s)  migmigration_controller  The migration is ready.
  Normal  Running  50s                 migmigration_controller  Step: 9/47
  Normal  Running  50s                 migmigration_controller  Step: 10/47

State migration

You can perform repeatable, state-only migrations by using Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) to migrate persistent volume claims (PVCs) that constitute an application’s state. You migrate specified PVCs by excluding other PVCs from the migration plan. You can map the PVCs to ensure that the source and the target PVCs are synchronized. Persistent volume (PV) data is copied to the target cluster. The PV references are not moved, and the application pods continue to run on the source cluster.

State migration is specifically designed to be used in conjunction with external CD mechanisms, such as OpenShift Gitops. You can migrate application manifests using GitOps while migrating the state using MTC.

If you have a CI/CD pipeline, you can migrate stateless components by deploying them on the target cluster. Then you can migrate stateful components by using MTC.

You can perform a state migration between clusters or within the same cluster.

State migration migrates only the components that constitute an application’s state. If you want to migrate an entire namespace, use stage or cutover migration.
Prerequisites

  • The state of the application on the source cluster is persisted in PersistentVolumes provisioned through PersistentVolumeClaims.

  • The manifests of the application are available in a central repository that is accessible from both the source and the target clusters.

Procedure

  1. Migrate persistent volume data from the source to the target cluster.

    You can perform this step as many times as needed. The source application continues running.

  2. Quiesce the source application.

    You can do this by setting the replicas of workload resources to 0, either directly on the source cluster or by updating the manifests in GitHub and re-syncing the Argo CD application.

  3. Clone application manifests to the target cluster.

    You can use Argo CD to clone the application manifests to the target cluster.

  4. Migrate the remaining volume data from the source to the target cluster.

    Migrate any new data created by the application during the state migration process by performing a final data migration.

  5. If the cloned application is in a quiesced state, unquiesce it.

  6. Switch the DNS record to the target cluster to re-direct user traffic to the migrated application.

MTC 1.6 cannot quiesce applications automatically when performing state migration. It can only migrate PV data. Therefore, you must use your CD mechanisms for quiescing or unquiescing applications.

MTC 1.7 introduces explicit Stage and Cutover flows. You can use staging to perform initial data transfers as many times as needed. Then you can perform a cutover, in which the source applications are quiesced automatically.
Prerequisites

  • The state of the application on the source cluster is persisted in PersistentVolumes provisioned through PersistentVolumeClaims.

  • The manifests of the application are available in a central repository that is accessible from both the source and the target clusters.

Procedure

  1. Migrate persistent volume data from the source to the target cluster.

    You can perform this step as many times as needed. The source application continues running.

  2. Quiesce the source application.

    You can do this by setting the replicas of workload resources to 0, either directly on the source cluster or by updating the manifests in GitHub and re-syncing the Argo CD application.

  3. Clone application manifests to the target cluster.

    You can use Argo CD to clone the application manifests to the target cluster.

  4. Migrate the remaining volume data from the source to the target cluster.

    Migrate any new data created by the application during the state migration process by performing a final data migration.

  5. If the cloned application is in a quiesced state, unquiesce it.

  6. Switch the DNS record to the target cluster to re-direct user traffic to the migrated application.

MTC 1.6 cannot quiesce applications automatically when performing state migration. It can only migrate PV data. Therefore, you must use your CD mechanisms for quiescing or unquiescing applications.

MTC 1.7 introduces explicit Stage and Cutover flows. You can use staging to perform initial data transfers as many times as needed. Then you can perform a cutover, in which the source applications are quiesced automatically.

Additional resources

Migration hooks

You can add up to four migration hooks to a single migration plan, with each hook running at a different phase of the migration. Migration hooks perform tasks such as customizing application quiescence, manually migrating unsupported data types, and updating applications after migration.

A migration hook runs on a source or a target cluster at one of the following migration steps:

  • PreBackup: Before resources are backed up on the source cluster.

  • PostBackup: After resources are backed up on the source cluster.

  • PreRestore: Before resources are restored on the target cluster.

  • PostRestore: After resources are restored on the target cluster.

You can create a hook by creating an Ansible playbook that runs with the default Ansible image or with a custom hook container.

Ansible playbook

The Ansible playbook is mounted on a hook container as a config map. The hook container runs as a job, using the cluster, service account, and namespace specified in the MigPlan custom resource. The job continues to run until it reaches the default limit of 6 retries or a successful completion. This continues even if the initial pod is evicted or killed.

The default Ansible runtime image is registry.redhat.io/rhmtc/openshift-migration-hook-runner-rhel7:1.7. This image is based on the Ansible Runner image and includes python-openshift for Ansible Kubernetes resources and an updated oc binary.

Custom hook container

You can use a custom hook container instead of the default Ansible image.

Writing an Ansible playbook for a migration hook

You can write an Ansible playbook to use as a migration hook. The hook is added to a migration plan by using the MTC web console or by specifying values for the spec.hooks parameters in the MigPlan custom resource (CR) manifest.

The Ansible playbook is mounted onto a hook container as a config map. The hook container runs as a job, using the cluster, service account, and namespace specified in the MigPlan CR. The hook container uses a specified service account token so that the tasks do not require authentication before they run in the cluster.

Ansible modules

You can use the Ansible shell module to run oc commands.

Example shell module
- hosts: localhost
  gather_facts: false
  tasks:
  - name: get pod name
    shell: oc get po --all-namespaces

You can use kubernetes.core modules, such as k8s_info, to interact with Kubernetes resources.

Example k8s_facts module
- hosts: localhost
  gather_facts: false
  tasks:
  - name: Get pod
    k8s_info:
      kind: pods
      api: v1
      namespace: openshift-migration
      name: "{{ lookup( 'env', 'HOSTNAME') }}"
    register: pods

  - name: Print pod name
    debug:
      msg: "{{ pods.resources[0].metadata.name }}"

You can use the fail module to produce a non-zero exit status in cases where a non-zero exit status would not normally be produced, ensuring that the success or failure of a hook is detected. Hooks run as jobs and the success or failure status of a hook is based on the exit status of the job container.

Example fail module
- hosts: localhost
  gather_facts: false
  tasks:
  - name: Set a boolean
    set_fact:
      do_fail: true

  - name: "fail"
    fail:
      msg: "Cause a failure"
    when: do_fail

Environment variables

The MigPlan CR name and migration namespaces are passed as environment variables to the hook container. These variables are accessed by using the lookup plugin.

Example environment variables
- hosts: localhost
  gather_facts: false
  tasks:
  - set_fact:
      namespaces: "{{ (lookup( 'env', 'MIGRATION_NAMESPACES')).split(',') }}"

  - debug:
      msg: "{{ item }}"
    with_items: "{{ namespaces }}"

  - debug:
      msg: "{{ lookup( 'env', 'MIGRATION_PLAN_NAME') }}"

Migration plan options

You can exclude, edit, and map components in the MigPlan custom resource (CR).

Excluding resources

You can exclude resources, for example, image streams, persistent volumes (PVs), or subscriptions, from a Migration Toolkit for Containers (MTC) migration plan to reduce the resource load for migration or to migrate images or PVs with a different tool.

By default, the MTC excludes service catalog resources and Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) resources from migration. These resources are parts of the service catalog API group and the OLM API group, neither of which is supported for migration at this time.

Procedure

  1. Edit the MigrationController custom resource manifest:

    $ oc edit migrationcontroller <migration_controller> -n openshift-migration

  2. Update the spec section by adding parameters to exclude specific resources. For those resources that do not have their own exclusion parameters, add the additional_excluded_resources parameter:

    apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigrationController
metadata:
  name: migration-controller
  namespace: openshift-migration
spec:
  disable_image_migration: true (1)
  disable_pv_migration: true (2)
  additional_excluded_resources: (3)
  - resource1
  - resource2
  ...
    1 Add disable_image_migration: true to exclude image streams from the migration. imagestreams is added to the excluded_resources list in main.yml when the MigrationController pod restarts.
    2 Add disable_pv_migration: true to exclude PVs from the migration plan. persistentvolumes and persistentvolumeclaims are added to the excluded_resources list in main.yml when the MigrationController pod restarts. Disabling PV migration also disables PV discovery when you create the migration plan.
    3 You can add OpenShift Container Platform resources that you want to exclude to the additional_excluded_resources list.

  3. Wait two minutes for the MigrationController pod to restart so that the changes are applied.

  4. Verify that the resource is excluded:

    $ oc get deployment -n openshift-migration migration-controller -o yaml | grep EXCLUDED_RESOURCES -A1

    The output contains the excluded resources:

    Example output
    name: EXCLUDED_RESOURCES
value:
resource1,resource2,imagetags,templateinstances,clusterserviceversions,packagemanifests,subscriptions,servicebrokers,servicebindings,serviceclasses,serviceinstances,serviceplans,imagestreams,persistentvolumes,persistentvolumeclaims

Mapping namespaces

If you map namespaces in the MigPlan custom resource (CR), you must ensure that the namespaces are not duplicated on the source or the destination clusters because the UID and GID ranges of the namespaces are copied during migration.

Two source namespaces mapped to the same destination namespace
spec:
  namespaces:
    - namespace_2
    - namespace_1:namespace_2

If you want the source namespace to be mapped to a namespace of the same name, you do not need to create a mapping. By default, a source namespace and a target namespace have the same name.

Incorrect namespace mapping
spec:
  namespaces:
    - namespace_1:namespace_1
Correct namespace reference
spec:
  namespaces:
    - namespace_1

Excluding persistent volume claims

You select persistent volume claims (PVCs) for state migration by excluding the PVCs that you do not want to migrate. You exclude PVCs by setting the spec.persistentVolumes.pvc.selection.action parameter of the MigPlan custom resource (CR) after the persistent volumes (PVs) have been discovered.

Prerequisites

  • MigPlan CR is in a Ready state.

Procedure

  • Add the spec.persistentVolumes.pvc.selection.action parameter to the MigPlan CR and set it to skip:

    apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigPlan
metadata:
  name: <migplan>
  namespace: openshift-migration
spec:
...
  persistentVolumes:
  - capacity: 10Gi
    name: <pv_name>
    pvc:
...
    selection:
      action: skip

Mapping persistent volume claims

You can migrate persistent volume (PV) data from the source cluster to persistent volume claims (PVCs) that are already provisioned in the destination cluster in the MigPlan CR by mapping the PVCs. This mapping ensures that the destination PVCs of migrated applications are synchronized with the source PVCs.

You map PVCs by updating the spec.persistentVolumes.pvc.name parameter in the MigPlan custom resource (CR) after the PVs have been discovered.

Prerequisites

  • MigPlan CR is in a Ready state.

Procedure

  • Update the spec.persistentVolumes.pvc.name parameter in the MigPlan CR:

    apiVersion: migration.openshift.io/v1alpha1
kind: MigPlan
metadata:
  name: <migplan>
  namespace: openshift-migration
spec:
...
  persistentVolumes:
  - capacity