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Tested Maximums per Cluster

Consider the following tested cluster object maximums when you plan your OpenShift Container Platform cluster.

These guidelines are based on the largest possible cluster. For smaller clusters, the maximums are proportionally lower. There are many factors that influence the stated thresholds, including the etcd version or storage data format.

In most cases, exceeding these numbers results in lower overall performance. It does not necessarily mean that the cluster will fail.

Tested Cloud Platforms for OpenShift Container Platform 3.x: Red Hat OpenStack, Amazon Web Services, and Microsoft Azure.

OpenShift Container Platform Tested Cluster Maximums for Major Releases

Maximum Type 3.x Tested Maximum

Number of Nodes

2,000

Number of Pods [1]

150,000

Number of Pods per Node

250

Number of Pods per Core

There is no default value.

Number of Namespaces

10,000

Number of Builds: Pipeline Strategy

10,000 (Default pod RAM 512Mi)

Number of Pods per Namespace [2]

25,000

Number of Services [3]

10,000

Number of Services per Namespace

5,000

Number of Back-ends per Service

5,000

Number of Deployments per Namespace [2]

2,000

  1. The Pod count displayed here is the number of test Pods. The actual number of Pods depends on the application’s memory, CPU, and storage requirements.

  2. There are a number of control loops in the system that need to iterate over all objects in a given namespace as a reaction to some changes in state. Having a large number of objects of a given type in a single namespace can make those loops expensive and slow down processing given state changes. The maximum assumes that the system has enough CPU, memory, and disk to satisfy the application requirements.

  3. Each Service port and each Service back-end has a corresponding entry in iptables. The number of back-ends of a given Service impact the size of the endpoints objects, which impacts the size of data that is being sent all over the system.

OpenShift Container Platform Tested Cluster Maximums

Maximum Type 3.7 Tested Maximum 3.9 Tested Maximum 3.10 Tested Maximum 3.11 Tested Maximum

Number of Nodes

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

Number of Pods [1]

120,000

120,000

150,000

150,000

Number of Pods per Node

250

250

250

250

Number of Pods per Core

10 is the default value.

10 is the default value.

There is no default value.

There is no default value.

Number of Namespaces

10,000

10,000

10,000

10,000

Number of Builds: Pipeline Strategy

N/A

10,000 (Default pod RAM 512Mi)

10,000 (Default pod RAM 512Mi)

10,000 (Default pod RAM 512Mi)

Number of Pods per Namespace [2]

3,000

3,000

3,000

25,000

Number of Services [3]

10,000

10,000

10,000

10,000

Number of Services per Namespace

N/A

N/A

5,000

5,000

Number of Back-ends per Service

5,000

5,000

5,000

5,000

Number of Deployments per Namespace [2]

2,000

2,000

2,000

2,000

  1. The Pod count displayed here is the number of test Pods. The actual number of Pods depends on the application’s memory, CPU, and storage requirements.

  2. There are a number of control loops in the system that need to iterate over all objects in a given namespace as a reaction to some changes in state. Having a large number of objects of a given type in a single namespace can make those loops expensive and slow down processing given state changes. The maximum assumes that the system has enough CPU, memory, and disk to satisfy the application requirements.

  3. Each Service port and each Service back-end has a corresponding entry in iptables. The number of back-ends of a given service impact the size of the endpoints objects, which impacts the size of data that is being sent all over the system.

Route Maximums

In OpenShift Container Platform 3.11.53, router tests were completed in a 3-node environment on Amazon Web Services (AWS). There were 100 HTTP routes, specifically 100 back-end Nginx pods, with keepalive set to 100. The results were:

  • 1 connection per target route = 24,327 requests per second

  • 40 connections per target route = 20,729 requests per second

  • 200 connections per target route = 17,253 requests per second

Environment and configuration on which OpenShift Container Platform cluster maximums are tested

Infrastructure as a service provider: OpenStack

Node vCPU RAM(MiB) Disk size(GiB) pass-through disk Count

Master/Etcd [1]

16

124672

128

Yes, NVMe

3

Infra [2]

40

163584

256

Yes, NVMe

3

Cluster DNS

1

1740

71

No

1

Load Balancer

4

16128

96

No

1

Container Native Storage [3]

16

65280

200

Yes, NVMe

3

Bastion [4]

16

65280

200

No

1

Worker

2

7936

96

No

2000

  1. The master/etcd nodes are backed by NVMe disks as etcd is I/O intensive and latency sensitive.

  2. Infra nodes host the Router, Registry, Logging and Monitoring and are backed by NVMe disks.

  3. Container Native Storage or Ceph storage nodes are backed by NVMe disks.

  4. The Bastion node is part of the OpenShift Container Platform network and is used to orchestrate the performance and scale tests.

Planning Your Environment According to Cluster Maximums

Oversubscribing the physical resources on a node affects resource guarantees the Kubernetes scheduler makes during pod placement. Learn what measures you can take to avoid memory swapping.

Some of the tested maximums are stretched only in a single dimension, so they might vary when a lot of objects are running on the cluster.

The numbers noted in this documentation are based on Red Hat’s test methodology, setup, configuration, and tunings. These numbers can vary based on your own individual setup and environments.

While planning your environment, determine how many pods are expected to fit per node:

Maximum Pods per Cluster / Expected Pods per Node = Total Number of Nodes

The number of pods expected to fit on a node is dependent on the application itself. Consider the application’s memory, CPU, and storage requirements.

Example Scenario

If you want to scope your cluster for 2200 pods per cluster, you would need at least nine nodes, assuming that there are 250 maximum pods per node:

2200 / 250 = 8.8

If you increase the number of nodes to 20, then the pod distribution changes to 110 pods per node:

2200 / 20 = 110

Planning Your Environment According to Application Requirements

Consider an example application environment:

Pod Type Pod Quantity Max Memory CPU Cores Persistent Storage

apache

100

500MB

0.5

1GB

node.js

200

1GB

1

1GB

postgresql

100

1GB

2

10GB

JBoss EAP

100

1GB

1

1GB

Extrapolated requirements: 550 CPU cores, 450GB RAM, and 1.4TB storage.

Instance size for nodes can be modulated up or down, depending on your preference. Nodes are often resource overcommitted. In this deployment scenario, you can choose to run additional smaller nodes or fewer larger nodes to provide the same amount of resources. Factors such as operational agility and cost-per-instance should be considered.

Node Type Quantity CPUs RAM (GB)

Nodes (option 1)

100

4

16

Nodes (option 2)

50

8

32

Nodes (option 3)

25

16

64

Some applications lend themselves well to overcommitted environments, and some do not. Most Java applications and applications that use huge pages are examples of applications that would not allow for overcommitment. That memory can not be used for other applications. In the example above, the environment would be roughly 30 percent overcommitted, a common ratio.