Chapter 9. Configure outputs


Outputs define where logs are sent after collection and filtering. Each output represents a destination system such as LokiStack, CloudWatch, Kafka, or Splunk. Configure outputs to match your destination’s authentication requirements, URL structure, and protocol specifications.

9.1. ClusterLogForwarder output types

Output types define the destination where the collector forwards log records. Each output type has specific configuration requirements for authentication, connection parameters, and data formatting.

azureMonitor

Forwards logs to Azure Monitor Logs service. This output requires a customer ID and shared key for authentication. You can specify a custom log type and associate logs with a specific Azure resource ID.

Warning

The azureMonitor output type is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. This output type will become obsolete in September 2026.

cloudwatch
Forwards logs to Amazon CloudWatch. This output supports two authentication methods: AWS access keys or IAM roles with Security Token Service (STS). You must specify the AWS region and a group name pattern for organizing log streams. CloudWatch outputs support cross-account log forwarding using the AssumeRole feature.
elasticsearch
Forwards logs to an external Elasticsearch cluster. This output is tested with Elasticsearch versions 6, 7, and 8. You must specify the cluster URL, version, and index pattern. Elasticsearch outputs support Basic authentication with username and password, and custom headers for advanced configurations.
googleCloudLogging
Forwards logs to Google Cloud Logging (formerly Stackdriver). This output requires a service account credentials file and supports organization, folder, project, or billing account scopes. You must specify a log ID pattern to identify the log stream.
http
Forwards logs to a generic HTTP endpoint. This output sends logs as JSON or newline-delimited JSON (NDJSON) to any HTTP or HTTPS URL. It supports bearer token and Basic authentication, custom headers, and configurable HTTP methods. Use this output for custom log aggregators or webhook-based integrations.
kafka
Forwards logs to Apache Kafka topics. This output supports Kafka protocol version 0.11 and later. You can specify multiple broker endpoints and configure SASL authentication. The topic name supports template syntax for dynamic per-event routing.
loki
Forwards logs to a Loki aggregation system. This output is suitable for external Loki deployments outside of Red Hat OpenShift Logging. It supports custom label keys for stream identification and tenant keys for multitenant Loki deployments.
lokiStack

Forwards logs to a Red Hat managed LokiStack deployment by using the Red Hat OpenShift Logging tenancy model. This output integrates with Red Hat OpenShift Logging authentication and enforces multitenancy through the LokiStack gateway proxy. The collector automatically discovers the LokiStack service based on the namespace and name you specify.

Use case: Site reliability engineers and developers benefit from LokiStack for short-term troubleshooting and performance analysis. The built-in multitenancy ensures that developers can only access logs from their own namespaces.

Important

The following fields are required as default stream labels for LokiStack and cannot be pruned:

  • .kubernetes.container_name
  • .kubernetes.namespace_name
  • .kubernetes.pod_name

If these fields are not present in the log record, they will be set to the empty string.

otlp

Forwards logs by using the OpenTelemetry Protocol (OTLP) with Red Hat OpenShift Logging semantic conventions. This output sends logs in OTLP format over HTTP or HTTPS to OpenTelemetry collectors and observability backends that support OTLP ingestion.

Use case: Platform teams can forward logs to any observability platform that supports the OTLP protocol. Organizations can also use OpenTelemetry Collector as a central gateway to aggregate logs from multiple clusters before routing to final destinations. This approach provides vendor-neutral log forwarding and simplified multi-destination routing.

Note

The otlp output uses the OpenTelemetry data model, which differs from the ViaQ data model used by other output types. Field names and structure vary between these models.

s3

Forwards logs to Amazon S3 or S3-compatible object storage. This output supports the same authentication methods as CloudWatch (AWS access keys or IAM roles). You must specify the AWS region, bucket name, and key prefix pattern for organizing log objects. Use this output for long-term archival, compliance retention, or integration with data lake pipelines.

Use case: Security officers use S3 for immutable long-term retention of audit logs to meet compliance requirements. S3 bucket lifecycle policies can automatically move logs to cheaper storage tiers while maintaining the required retention period.

splunk

Forwards logs to Splunk HTTP Event Collector (HEC). This output requires a Splunk HEC token for authentication. You can configure custom index, source, and indexed fields to optimize Splunk search performance.

Use case: Developers and site reliability engineers often prefer Splunk because it is a familiar platform with powerful search and visualization capabilities. Organizations can route application and infrastructure logs to Splunk for operational analysis.

syslog
Forwards logs to an external syslog receiver by using RFC3164 or RFC5424 format. This output supports TCP, TLS, and UDP transports. You can customize facility, severity, application name, process ID, and message ID fields by using template syntax.
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