Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes allows you to use out-of-the-box security policies and define custom multi-factor policies for your container environment. Configuring these policies enables you to automatically prevent high-risk service deployments in your environment and respond to runtime security incidents.
Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes includes a set of default policies that provide broad coverage to identify security issues and ensure best practices for security in your environment.
To view the default policies:
On the RHACS portal, navigate to Platform Configuration → Policies.
The Policies view lists the default policies and includes the following parameters for each policy:
Policy: A name for the policy.
Description: A longer, more detailed description of the alert for the policy.
Status: The current status of the policy, either Enabled or Disabled.
Notifiers: The list of notifiers that are configured for the policy.
Severity: A ranking of the policy, either critical, high, medium, or low, for the amount of attention required.
Lifecycle: The phase of the container lifecycle (build, deploy, or runtime) that this policy applies to, and the phase at which enforcement applies, when the policy is enabled.
The default policies have preconfigured parameters and belong to categories such as:
Anomalous Activity
Cryptocurrency Mining
DevOps Best Practices
Kubernetes
Network Tools
Package Management
Privileges
Security Best Practices
System Modification
Vulnerability Management
You can edit these categories and create your own categories. When you create your own category, a new widget displays information about that category on the dashboard.
You cannot delete default policies or edit policy criteria for default policies. |
You can edit the policies you have created and the existing default policies provided by Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes.
On the RHACS portal, navigate to Platform Configuration → Policies.
From the Policies page, select the policy you want to edit.
Select Actions → Edit policy.
Modify the Policy details. You can modify the policy name, severity, categories, description, rationale, and guidance. You can also attach notifiers to the policy by selecting from the available Notifiers under the Attach notifiers section.
Click Next.
In the Policy behavior section, select the Lifecycle stages and Event sources for the policy.
Select a Response method to address violations for the policy.
Click Next.
In the Policy criteria section, expand the categories under the Drag out policy fields section. Use the drag-and-drop policy fields to specify logical conditions for the policy criteria.
You cannot edit policy criteria for default policies. |
Click Next.
In the Policy scope section, modify Restrict by scope, Exclude by scope, and Exclude images settings.
Click Next.
In the Review policy section, preview the policy violations.
Click Save.
You can create new policy categories from the system policies view.
On the RHACS portal, navigate to Platform Configuration → Policies.
From the Policies page, select the policy you want to edit.
Select Actions → Edit policy.
Enter a new category name in the Categories field and then click Create <category>.
Click the Review policy section heading.
Click Save.
After you save the configuration, the new category displays on the dashboard if there are any violations for policies in the category.
In addition to using the default policies, you can also create custom policies in Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes.
To build a new policy, you can clone an existing policy or create a new one from scratch.
You can also create policies based on the filter criteria in the Risk view in the RHACS portal.
You can also use AND
, OR
, and NOT
logical operators for policy criteria to create advanced policies.
You can create new security policies from the system policies view.
On the RHACS portal, navigate to Platform Configuration → Policies.
Click Create policy.
Enter the following details about your policy in the Policy details section:
Enter a Name for the policy.
Optional: Attach notifiers to the policy by selecting from the available Notifiers under the Attach notifiers section.
You must integrate Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes with your notification provider, for example, webhooks, Jira, PagerDuty, Splunk, or others before you can forward alerts. |
Select a Severity level for this policy, either Critical
, High
, Medium
, or Low
.
Select policy Categories you want to apply to this policy.
Enter details about the policy in the Description box.
Enter an explanation about why the policy exists in the Rationale box.
Enter steps to resolve violations of this policy in the Guidance box.
Optional: Under the MITRE ATT&CK section, select the tactics and the techniques you want to specify for the policy.
Click Add tactic, and then select a tactic from the dropdown list.
Click the Add technique to add techniques for the selected tactic. You can specify multiple techniques for a tactic.
Click Next.
In the Policy behavior section, select the Lifecycle stages and Event sources (Runtime lifecycle only) for the policy.
Choose Lifecycle Stages to which your policy is applicable, from Build, Deploy, or Runtime. You can select more than one stage.
Build-time policies apply to image fields such as CVEs and Dockerfile instructions.
Deploy-time policies can include all build-time policy criteria but they can also include data from your cluster configurations, such as running in privileged mode or mounting the Docker socket.
Runtime policies can include all build-time and deploy-time policy criteria but they can also include data about process executions during runtime.
For Response method, either select:
Inform to include the violation in the violations list.
Or select Inform and enforce to enforce actions.
Choose the enforcement behavior for the policy. It is only available for the stages you select when configuring Lifecycle Stages. Select ON (enable) to enforce policy and report a violation, and OFF (disable) to only report a violation. The enforcement behavior is different for each lifecycle stage.
Build - Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes fails your continuous integration (CI) builds when images match the conditions of the policy.
Deploy - Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes blocks creation of deployments that match the conditions of the policy. In clusters with admission controller enforcement, the Kubernetes or OpenShift Container Platform API server blocks all noncompliant deployments. In other clusters, Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes edits noncompliant deployments to prevent pods from being scheduled.
Runtime - Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes kills all pods that match the conditions of the policy or blocks the action taken on the pods.
Policy enforcement can impact running applications or development processes. Before you enable enforcement options, inform all stakeholders and plan about how to respond to automated enforcement actions. |
Click Next.
In the Policy Criteria section, configure the attributes that you you want to trigger the policy for.
Click Next.
In the Policy scope section, configure the following:
Click Add inclusion scope to use Restrict to Scope to enable this policy only for a specific cluster, a namespace, or a label. You can add multiple scopes and also use regular expressions in RE2 Syntax for namespaces and labels.
Click Add exclusion scope to use Exclude by Scope to exclude deployments, clusters, namespaces, and labels you specify, it means that the policy will not apply to the entities that you select. You can add multiple scopes and also use regular expressions in RE2 Syntax for namespaces and labels. However, you cannot use regular expressions for selecting deployments.
For Excluded Images (Build Lifecycle only), select all images that you do not want to trigger a violation for.
The Excluded Images setting only applies when you check images in a continuous integration system with the Build lifecycle stage. It does not have any effect if you use this policy to check running deployments in the Deploy lifecycle stage or runtime activities in the Runtime lifecycle stage. |
Click Next.
In the Review policy section, preview the policy violations.
Click Save.
While evaluating risks in your deployments in the Risk view, when you apply local page filtering, you can create new security policies based on the filtering criteria you are using.
Navigate to the RHACS portal and select Risk from the navigation menu.
Apply local page filtering criteria that you want to create a policy.
Select New Policy and fill in the required fields to create a new policy.
In the Policy Criteria section you can configure the data on which you want to trigger a policy.
You can configure the policy based on the attributes listed in the following table.
In this table:
The Regular expressions, AND, OR, and NOT columns indicate whether you can use regular expressions and other logical operators along with the specific attribute.
!
in the Regular expressions column indicates that you can only use regular expressions for the listed fields.
!
in the AND, OR column indicates that you can only use the mentioned logical operator for the attribute.
The RHACS version column indicates the version of Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes that you must have to use the attribute.
You cannot use logical combination operators AND
and OR
for attributes that have:
Boolean values true
and false
Minimum-value semantics, for example:
Minimum RBAC permissions
Days since image was created
You cannot use the NOT
logical operator for attributes that have:
Boolean values true
and false
Numeric values that already use comparison, such as the <
, >
, <=
, >=
operators.
Compound criteria that can have multiple values, for example:
Dockerfile Line, which includes both instructions and arguments.
Environment Variable, which consists of both name and value.
Other meanings, including Add Capabilities, Drop Capabilities, Days since image was created, and Days since image was last scanned.
To use logical operators |
Attribute | Description | RHACS version | Regular expressions | NOT | AND, OR | Phase |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Namespace |
The name of the namespace. |
3.0.51 and newer |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Image Registry |
The name of the image registry. |
All |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Image Remote |
The full name of the image in registry, for example |
All |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Image Tag |
Identifier for an image. |
All |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Days since image was created |
The number of days from image creation date. |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✕ |
Build |
Days since image was last scanned |
The number of days since the last image scan. |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✕ |
Build |
Dockerfile Line |
A specific line in the Dockerfile, including both instructions and arguments. |
All |
! only for values |
✕ |
✓ |
Build |
Image is NOT Scanned |
No scan data is available for the image. |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✕ |
Build |
CVSS |
Common Vulnerability Scoring System, use it to match images with vulnerabilities whose scores are greater than |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✓ |
Build |
Fixed By |
The version string of a package that fixes a flagged vulnerability in an image. |
All |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Build |
CVE |
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures, use it with specific CVE numbers. |
All |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Build |
Image Component |
Name and version number of a specific software component present in an image. |
All |
✓ |
✕ |
✓ |
Build |
Image OS |
Name and version number of the base operating system of the image. |
3.0.47 and newer |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Build |
Environment Variable |
Check environment variables by name or value. |
All |
! only for key and value |
✕ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Disallowed Annotation |
An annotation which is not allowed to be present on Kubernetes resources in a specified environment. |
All |
✓ |
✕ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Disallowed Image Label |
Check for the presence of a Docker image label that should not be in use.
The policy triggers if any image in the deployment has the specified label.
You can use regular expressions for both |
3.0.40 and newer |
✓ |
✕ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Required Image Label |
Check for the presence of a required Docker image label.
The policy triggers if any image in the deployment does not have the specified label.
You can use regular expressions for both |
3.0.40 and newer |
✓ |
✕ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Required Label |
Check for the presence of a required label in Kubernetes. |
All |
✓ |
✕ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Required Annotation |
Check for the presence of a required annotation in Kubernetes. |
All |
✓ |
✕ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Volume Name |
Name of the storage. |
All |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Volume Source |
Indicates the form in which the volume is provisioned. For example, |
All |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Volume Destination |
The path where the volume is mounted. |
All |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Volume Type |
The type of volume. |
All |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Writable Volume |
Volumes that are mounted as writable. |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✕ |
Deploy |
Protocol |
Protocol, such as, TCP or UDP, that is used by the exposed port. |
All |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Port |
Port numbers exposed by a deployment. |
All |
✕ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Privileged |
Privileged running deployments. |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✕ |
Deploy |
Read-Only Root Filesystem |
Containers running with the root file system configured as read only. |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✕ |
Deploy |
Drop Capabilities |
Linux capabilities that must be dropped from the container.
For example |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Add Capabilities |
Linux capabilities that must not be added to the container, for instance the ability to send raw packets or override file permissions. |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Process Name |
Name of the process executed in a deployment. |
All |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Runtime |
Process Ancestor |
Name of any parent process for a process executed in a deployment. |
All |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Runtime |
Process Arguments |
Command arguments for a process executed in a deployment. |
All |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Runtime |
Process UID |
Unix user ID for a process executed in a deployment. |
All |
✕ |
✓ |
✓ |
Runtime |
Port Exposure |
Exposure method of the service, for example, load balancer or node port. |
All |
✕ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Service Account |
The name of the service account. |
All |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Writable Host Mount |
Resource has mounted a path on the host with write permissions. |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✕ |
Deploy |
Unexpected Process Executed |
Check deployments for which process executions are not listed in the deployment’s locked process baseline. |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✕ |
Runtime |
Minimum RBAC Permissions |
Match if the deployment’s Kubernetes service account has Kubernetes RBAC permission level equal to |
All |
✕ |
✓ |
✕ |
Deploy |
Container Name |
The name of the container. |
3.0.52 and newer |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Container CPU Request |
Check for the number of cores reserved for a given resource. |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Container CPU Limit |
Check for the maximum number of cores a resource is allowed to use. |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Container Memory Request |
Check for the amount of memory reserved for a given resource. |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Container Memory Limit |
Check for the maximum amount of memory a resource is allowed to use. |
All |
✕ |
✕ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Kubernetes Action |
The name of the Kubernetes action, such as |
3.0.55 and newer |
✕ |
✕ |
! |
Runtime |
Kubernetes Resource |
The name of the accessed Kubernetes resource, such as |
3.63 and newer |
✕ |
✕ |
! |
Runtime |
Kubernetes Resource Name |
The name of the accessed Kubernetes resource. |
3.63 and newer |
✓ |
✓ |
! |
Runtime |
Kubernetes API Verb |
The Kubernetes API verb that is used to access the resource, such as |
3.63 and newer |
✕ |
✕ |
! |
Runtime |
Kubernetes User Name |
The name of the user who accessed the resource. |
3.63 and newer |
✓ |
✓ |
! |
Runtime |
Kubernetes User Group |
The name of the group to which the user who accessed the resource belongs to. |
3.63 and newer |
✓ |
✕ |
! |
Runtime |
User Agent |
The user agent that the user used to access the resource.
For example |
3.63 and newer |
✓ |
✓ |
! |
Runtime |
Source IP Address |
The IP address from which the user accessed the resource. |
3.63 and newer |
✓ |
✓ |
! |
Runtime |
Is Impersonated User |
Check if the request was made by a user that is impersonated by a service account or some other account. |
3.63 and newer |
✕ |
✕ |
✕ |
Runtime |
Runtime Class |
The RuntimeClass of the deployment. |
3.67 and newer |
✓ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Automount Service Account Token |
Check if the deployment configuration automatically mounts the service account token. |
3.68 and newer |
✕ |
✕ |
✕ |
Deploy |
Liveness Probe |
Whether the container defines a liveness probe. |
3.69 and newer |
✕ |
✕ |
✕ |
Deploy |
Readiness Probe |
Whether the container defines a readiness probe. |
3.69 and newer |
✕ |
✕ |
✕ |
Deploy |
Replicas |
The number of deployment replicas. |
3.69 and newer |
✕ |
✓ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Privilege escalation |
Provides alerts when a development is configured to allow a container process to gain more privileges than its parent process. |
3.70 and later |
✕ |
✕ |
✕ |
Deploy |
Ingress Network Policy |
Check the presence or absence of ingress Kubernetes network policies. |
3.70 and later |
✕ |
✕ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Egress Network Policy |
Check the presence or absence of egress Kubernetes network policies. |
3.70 and later |
✕ |
✕ |
✓ |
Deploy |
Not verified by trusted image signers |
The list of signature integrations you can use to verify an image’s signature. Create alerts on images that either do not have a signature or their signature is not verifiable by at least one of the provided signature integrations. |
3.70 and later |
✕ |
✕ |
! |
Deploy |
If you are using Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes version 3.0.44 or older, the policy criteria you specify in the Policy criteria section are "AND"ed. It means that the violation only triggers if all the specified policy criteria match. |
You can use the drag-and-drop policy fields panel to specify logical conditions for the policy criteria.
You must be using Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes version 3.0.45 or newer.
In the Policy Criteria section, select Add a new condition to add a new policy section.
You can click on the Edit icon to rename the policy section.
The Drag out a policy field section lists available policy criteria in multiple categories. You can expand and collapse these categories to view the policy criteria attributes.
Drag an attribute to the Drop a policy field inside area of the policy section.
Depending on the type of the attribute you select, you get different options to configure the conditions for the selected attribute. For example:
If you select an attribute with Boolean values Read-Only Root Filesystem
, you will see READ-ONLY
and WRITABLE
options.
If you select an attribute with compound values Environment variable
, you will see options to enter values for Key
, Value
, and Value From
fields, and an icon to add more values for the available options.
To combine multiple values for an attribute, click the Add icon.
You can also click on the logical operator AND
or OR
listed in a policy section, to toggle between AND
and OR
operators.
Toggling between operators only works inside a policy section and not between two different policy sections.
You can specify more than one AND
and OR
condition by repeating these steps.
After you configure the conditions for the added attributes, click Next to continue with the policy creation.
Beginning from Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes version 3.0.44, you can share your security policies between different Central instances, by exporting and importing policies. It helps you enforce the same standards for all your clusters. To share policies, you export them as JSON files, and then import them back into another Central instance.
Currently, you cannot export multiple security policies at once by using the RHACS portal. However, you can use the API for exporting multiple security policies. On the RHACS portal, navigate to Help → API reference to see the API reference. |
When you export a policy, it includes all the policy contents and also includes cluster scopes, cluster exclusions, and all configured notifications.
On the RHACS portal, navigate to Platform Configuration → Policies.
From the Policies page, select the policy you want to edit.
Select Actions → Export policy to JSON.
You can import a security policy from the System Policies view on the RHACS portal.
On the RHACS portal, navigate to Platform Configuration → Policies.
Click Import policy.
In the Import policy JSON dialog, click Upload and select the JSON file you want to upload.
Click Begin import.
Each security policy in Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes has a unique ID (UID) and a unique name. When you import a policy, Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes handles the uploaded policy as follows:
If the imported policy UID and name do not match any existing policy, Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes creates a new policy.
If the imported policy has the same UID as an existing policy, but a different name, you can either:
Keep both policies. Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes saves the imported policy with a new UID.
Replace the existing policy with the imported policy.
If the imported policy has the same name as an existing policy, but a different UID, you can either:
Keep both policies by providing a new name for the imported policy.
Replace the existing policy with the imported policy.
If the imported policy has the same name and UID as an existing policy, the Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes checks if the policy criteria match to the existing policy. If the policy criteria match, Red Hat Advanced Cluster Security for Kubernetes keeps the existing policy and shows a success message. If the policy criteria do not match, you can either:
Keep both policies by providing a new name for the imported policy.
Replace the existing policy with the imported policy.
|