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Overview of responsibilities for Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS

This documentation outlines Red Hat, Amazon Web Services (AWS), and customer responsibilities for the Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS (ROSA) managed service.

Shared responsibilities for Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS

While Red Hat and Amazon Web Services (AWS) manage the Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS services, the customer shares certain responsibilities. The Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS services are accessed remotely, hosted on public cloud resources, created in customer-owned AWS accounts, and have underlying platform and data security that is owned by Red Hat.

If the cluster-admin role is added to a user, see the responsibilities and exclusion notes in the Red Hat Enterprise Agreement Appendix 4 (Online Subscription Services).
Resource Incident and operations management Change management Access and identity authorization Security and regulation compliance Disaster recovery

Customer data

Customer

Customer

Customer

Customer

Customer

Customer applications

Customer

Customer

Customer

Customer

Customer

Developer services

Customer

Customer

Customer

Customer

Customer

Platform monitoring

Red Hat

Red Hat

Red Hat

Red Hat

Red Hat

Logging

Red Hat

Red Hat and Customer

Red Hat and Customer

Red Hat and Customer

Red Hat

Application networking

Red Hat and Customer

Red Hat and Customer

Red Hat and Customer

Red Hat

Red Hat

Cluster networking

Red Hat

Red Hat and Customer

Red Hat and Customer

Red Hat

Red Hat

Virtual networking management

Red Hat and Customer

Red Hat and Customer

Red Hat and Customer

Red Hat and Customer

Red Hat and Customer

Virtual compute management (control plane, infrastructure and worker nodes)

Red Hat

Red Hat

Red Hat

Red Hat

Red Hat

Cluster version

Red Hat

Red Hat and Customer

Red Hat

Red Hat

Red Hat

Capacity management

Red Hat

Red Hat and Customer

Red Hat

Red Hat

Red Hat

Virtual storage management

Red Hat

Red Hat

Red Hat

Red Hat

Red Hat

AWS software (public AWS services)

AWS

AWS

AWS

AWS

AWS

Hardware/AWS global infrastructure

AWS

AWS

AWS

AWS

AWS

Tasks for shared responsibilities by area

Red Hat, AWS, and the customer all share responsibility for the monitoring, maintenance, and overall health of a Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS (ROSA) cluster. This documentation illustrates the delineation of responsibilities for each of the listed resources as shown in the tables below.

Incident and operations management

Red Hat is responsible for overseeing the service components required for default platform networking. AWS is responsible for protecting the hardware infrastructure that runs all of the services offered in the AWS Cloud. The customer is responsible for incident and operations management of customer application data and any custom networking the customer may have configured for the cluster network or virtual network.

Resource Service responsibilities Customer responsibilities

Application networking

Red Hat

  • Monitor native OpenShift router service, and respond to alerts.

  • Monitor health of application routes, and the endpoints behind them.

  • Report outages to Red Hat and AWS.

Virtual networking management

Red Hat

  • Monitor AWS load balancers, Amazon VPC subnets, and AWS service components necessary for default platform networking. Respond to alerts.

  • Monitor health of AWS load balancer endpoints.

  • Monitor network traffic that is optionally configured through Amazon VPC-to-VPC connection, AWS VPN connection, or AWS Direct Connect for potential issues or security threats.

Virtual storage management

Red Hat

  • Monitor Amazon EBS volumes attached to cluster nodes and Amazon S3 buckets used for the ROSA service’s built-in container image registry. Respond to alerts.

  • Monitor health of application data.

  • If customer managed AWS KMS keys are used, create and control the key lifecycle and key policies for Amazon EBS encryption.

Platform monitoring

Red Hat

  • Maintain a centralized monitoring and alerting system for all ROSA cluster components, site reliability engineer (SRE) services, and underlying AWS accounts.

Incident management

Red Hat

  • Raise and manage known incidents.

  • Share root cause analysis (RCA) drafts with the customer.

  • Raise known incidents through a support case.

Infrastructure and data resiliency

Red Hat

  • There is no Red Hat-provided backup method available for ROSA clusters with STS.

  • Red Hat does not commit to any Recovery Point Objective (RPO) or Recovery Time Objective (RTO).

  • Take regular backups of data and deploy multi-AZ clusters with workloads that follow Kubernetes best practices to ensure high availability within a region.

  • If an entire cloud region is unavailable, install a new cluster in a different region and restore apps using backup data.

Cluster capacity

Red Hat

  • Manage the capacity of all control plane and infrastructure nodes on the cluster.

  • Evaluate cluster capacity during upgrades and in response to cluster alerts.

AWS software (public AWS services)

AWS

  • Monitor health of AWS resources in the customer account.

  • Use IAM tools to apply the appropriate permissions to AWS resources in the customer account.

Hardware/AWS global infrastructure

AWS

  • Configure, manage, and monitor customer applications and data to ensure application and data security controls are properly enforced.

Platform monitoring

Platform audit logs are securely forwarded to a centralized security information and event monitoring (SIEM) system, where they may trigger configured alerts to the SRE team and are also subject to manual review. Audit logs are retained in the SIEM system for one year. Audit logs for a given cluster are not deleted at the time the cluster is deleted.

Incident management

An incident is an event that results in a degradation or outage of one or more Red Hat services. An incident can be raised by a customer or a Customer Experience and Engagement (CEE) member through a support case, directly by the centralized monitoring and alerting system, or directly by a member of the SRE team.

Depending on the impact on the service and customer, the incident is categorized in terms of severity.

When managing a new incident, Red Hat uses the following general workflow:

  1. An SRE first responder is alerted to a new incident and begins an initial investigation.

  2. After the initial investigation, the incident is assigned an incident lead, who coordinates the recovery efforts.

  3. An incident lead manages all communication and coordination around recovery, including any relevant notifications and support case updates.

  4. The incident is recovered.

  5. The incident is documented and a root cause analysis (RCA) is performed within 5 business days of the incident.

  6. An RCA draft document will be shared with the customer within 7 business days of the incident.

Notifications

Platform notifications are configured using email. Some customer notifications are also sent to an account’s corresponding Red Hat account team, including a Technical Account Manager, if applicable.

The following activities can trigger notifications:

  • Platform incident

  • Performance degradation

  • Cluster capacity warnings

  • Critical vulnerabilities and resolution

  • Upgrade scheduling

Cluster capacity

The impact of a cluster upgrade on capacity is evaluated as part of the upgrade testing process to ensure that capacity is not negatively impacted by new additions to the cluster. During a cluster upgrade, additional worker nodes are added to make sure that total cluster capacity is maintained during the upgrade process.

Capacity evaluations by the Red Hat SRE staff also happen in response to alerts from the cluster, after usage thresholds are exceeded for a certain period of time. Such alerts can also result in a notification to the customer.

Change management

This section describes the policies about how cluster and configuration changes, patches, and releases are managed.

Red Hat is responsible for enabling changes to the cluster infrastructure and services that the customer will control, as well as maintaining versions for the control plane nodes, infrastructure nodes and services, and worker nodes. AWS is responsible for protecting the hardware infrastructure that runs all of the services offered in the AWS Cloud. The customer is responsible for initiating infrastructure change requests and installing and maintaining optional services and networking configurations on the cluster, as well as all changes to customer data and customer applications.

Customer-initiated changes

You can initiate changes using self-service capabilities such as cluster deployment, worker node scaling, or cluster deletion.

Change history is captured in the Cluster History section in the OpenShift Cluster Manager Overview tab, and is available for you to view. The change history includes, but is not limited to, logs from the following changes:

  • Adding or removing identity providers

  • Adding or removing users to or from the dedicated-admins group

  • Scaling the cluster compute nodes

  • Scaling the cluster load balancer

  • Scaling the cluster persistent storage

  • Upgrading the cluster

You can implement a maintenance exclusion by avoiding changes in OpenShift Cluster Manager for the following components:

  • Deleting a cluster

  • Adding, modifying, or removing identity providers

  • Adding, modifying, or removing a user from an elevated group

  • Installing or removing add-ons

  • Modifying cluster networking configurations

  • Adding, modifying, or removing machine pools

  • Enabling or disabling user workload monitoring

  • Initiating an upgrade

To enforce the maintenance exclusion, ensure machine pool autoscaling or automatic upgrade policies have been disabled. After the maintenance exclusion has been lifted, proceed with enabling machine pool autoscaling or automatic upgrade policies as desired.

Red Hat-initiated changes

Red Hat site reliability engineering (SRE) manages the infrastructure, code, and configuration of Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS using a GitOps workflow and fully automated CI/CD pipelines. This process ensures that Red Hat can safely introduce service improvements on a continuous basis without negatively impacting customers.

Every proposed change undergoes a series of automated verifications immediately upon check-in. Changes are then deployed to a staging environment where they undergo automated integration testing. Finally, changes are deployed to the production environment. Each step is fully automated.

An authorized SRE reviewer must approve advancement to each step. The reviewer cannot be the same individual who proposed the change. All changes and approvals are fully auditable as part of the GitOps workflow.

Some changes are released to production incrementally, using feature flags to control availability of new features to specified clusters or customers.

Patch management

OpenShift Container Platform software and the underlying immutable Red Hat CoreOS (RHCOS) operating system image are patched for bugs and vulnerabilities in regular z-stream upgrades. Read more about RHCOS architecture in the OpenShift Container Platform documentation.

Release management

Red Hat does not automatically upgrade your clusters. You can schedule to upgrade the clusters at regular intervals (recurring upgrade) or just once (individual upgrade) using the OpenShift Cluster Manager web console. Red Hat might forcefully upgrade a cluster to a new z-stream version only if the cluster is affected by a critical impact CVE.

Because the required permissions can change between y-stream releases, the policies might have to be updated before an upgrade can be performed. Therefore, you cannot schedule a recurring upgrade on ROSA clusters with STS.

You can review the history of all cluster upgrade events in the OpenShift Cluster Manager web console. For more information about releases, see the Life Cycle policy.

Resource Service responsibilities Customer responsibilities

Logging

Red Hat

  • Centrally aggregate and monitor platform audit logs.

  • Provide and maintain a logging Operator to enable the customer to deploy a logging stack for default application logging.

  • Provide audit logs upon customer request.

  • Install the optional default application logging Operator on the cluster.

  • Install, configure, and maintain any optional application logging solutions, such as logging sidecar containers or third-party logging applications.

  • Tune size and frequency of application logs being produced by customer applications if they are affecting the stability of the logging stack or the cluster.

  • Request platform audit logs through a support case for researching specific incidents.

Application networking

Red Hat

  • Set up public load balancers. Provide the ability to set up private load balancers and up to one additional load balancer when required.

  • Set up native OpenShift router service. Provide the ability to set the router as private and add up to one additional router shard.

  • Install, configure, and maintain OpenShift SDN components for default internal pod traffic (for clusters created prior to version 4.11).

  • Provide the ability for the customer to manage NetworkPolicy and EgressNetworkPolicy (firewall) objects.

  • Configure non-default pod network permissions for project and pod networks, pod ingress, and pod egress using NetworkPolicy objects.

  • Use OpenShift Cluster Manager to request a private load balancer for default application routes.

  • Use OpenShift Cluster Manager to configure up to one additional public or private router shard and corresponding load balancer.

  • Request and configure any additional service load balancers for specific services.

  • Configure any necessary DNS forwarding rules.

Cluster networking

Red Hat

  • Set up cluster management components, such as public or private service endpoints and necessary integration with Amazon VPC components.

  • Set up internal networking components required for internal cluster communication between worker, infrastructure, and control plane nodes.

  • Provide optional non-default IP address ranges for machine CIDR, service CIDR, and pod CIDR if needed through OpenShift Cluster Manager when the cluster is provisioned.

  • Request that the API service endpoint be made public or private on cluster creation or after cluster creation through OpenShift Cluster Manager.

Virtual networking management

Red Hat

  • Set up and configure Amazon VPC components required to provision the cluster, such as subnets, load balancers, internet gateways, and NAT gateways.

  • Provide the ability for the customer to manage AWS VPN connectivity with on-premises resources, Amazon VPC-to-VPC connectivity, and AWS Direct Connect as required through OpenShift Cluster Manager.

  • Enable customers to create and deploy AWS load balancers for use with service load balancers.

  • Set up and maintain optional Amazon VPC components, such as Amazon VPC-to-VPC connection, AWS VPN connection, or AWS Direct Connect.

  • Request and configure any additional service load balancers for specific services.

Virtual compute management

Red Hat

  • Set up and configure the ROSA control plane and data plane to use Amazon EC2 instances for cluster compute.

  • Monitor and manage the deployment of Amazon EC2 control plane and infrastructure nodes on the cluster.

  • Monitor and manage Amazon EC2 worker nodes by creating a machine pool using the OpenShift Cluster Manager or the ROSA CLI (rosa).

  • Manage changes to customer-deployed applications and application data.

Cluster version

Red Hat

  • Enable upgrade scheduling process.

  • Monitor upgrade progress and remedy any issues encountered.

  • Publish change logs and release notes for patch release upgrades.

  • Either set up automatic upgrades or schedule patch release upgrades immediately or for the future.

  • Acknowledge and schedule minor version upgrades.

  • Test customer applications on patch releases to ensure compatibility.

Capacity management

Red Hat

  • Monitor the use of the control plane. Control planes include control plane nodes and infrastructure nodes.

  • Scale and resize control plane nodes to maintain quality of service.

  • Monitor worker node utilization and, if appropriate, enables the auto-scaling feature.

  • Determine the scaling strategy of the cluster. See the additional resources for more information on machine pools.

  • Use the provided OpenShift Cluster Manager controls to add or remove additional worker nodes as required.

  • Respond to Red Hat notifications regarding cluster resource requirements.

Virtual storage management

Red Hat

  • Set up and configure Amazon EBS to provision local node storage and persistent volume storage for the cluster.

  • Set up and configure the built-in image registry to use Amazon S3 bucket storage.

  • Regularly prune image registry resources in Amazon S3 to optimize Amazon S3 usage and cluster performance.

  • Optionally configure the Amazon EBS CSI driver or the Amazon EFS CSI driver to provision persistent volumes on the cluster.

AWS software (public AWS services)

AWS

Compute: Provide the Amazon EC2 service, used for ROSA control plane, infrastructure, and worker nodes.

Storage: Provide Amazon EBS, used by ROSA to provision local node storage and persistent volume storage for the cluster.

Storage: Provide Amazon S3, used for the ROSA service’s built-in image registry.

Networking: Provide the following AWS Cloud services, used by ROSA to satisfy virtual networking infrastructure needs:

  • Amazon VPC

  • Elastic Load Balancing

  • AWS IAM

Networking: Provide the following AWS services, which customers can optionally integrate with ROSA:

  • AWS VPN

  • AWS Direct Connect

  • AWS PrivateLink

  • AWS Transit Gateway

  • Sign requests using an access key ID and secret access key associated with an IAM principal or STS temporary security credentials.

  • Specify VPC subnets for the cluster to use during cluster creation.

  • Optionally configure a customer-managed VPC for use with ROSA clusters (required for PrivateLink and HCP clusters).

Hardware/AWS global infrastructure

AWS

  • For information regarding management controls for AWS data centers, see Our Controls on the AWS Cloud Security page.

  • For information regarding change management best practices, see Guidance for Change Management on AWS in the AWS Solutions Library.

  • Implement change management best practices for customer applications and data hosted on the AWS Cloud.

Security and regulation compliance

The following table outlines the the responsibilities in regards to security and regulation compliance:

Resource Service responsibilities Customer responsibilities

Logging

Red Hat

  • Send cluster audit logs to a Red Hat SIEM to analyze for security events. Retain audit logs for a defined period of time to support forensic analysis.

  • Analyze application logs for security events.

  • Send application logs to an external endpoint through logging sidecar containers or third-party logging applications if longer retention is required than is offered by the default logging stack.

Virtual networking management

Red Hat

  • Monitor virtual networking components for potential issues and security threats.

  • Use public AWS tools for additional monitoring and protection.

  • Monitor optional configured virtual networking components for potential issues and security threats.

  • Configure any necessary firewall rules or customer data center protections as required.

Virtual storage management

Red Hat

  • Monitor virtual storage components for potential issues and security threats.

  • Use public AWS tools for additional monitoring and protection.

  • Configure the ROSA service to encrypt control plane, infrastructure, and worker node volume data by default using the AWS managed Key Management Service (KMS) key that Amazon EBS provides.

  • Configure the ROSA service to encrypt customer persistent volumes that use the default storage class with the AWS managed KMS key that Amazon EBS provides.

  • Provide the ability for the customer to use a customer managed AWS KMS key to encrypt persistent volumes.

  • Configure the container image registry to encrypt image registry data at rest using server-side encryption with Amazon S3 managed keys (SSE-3).

  • Provide the ability for the customer to create a public or private Amazon S3 image registry to protect their container images from unauthorized user access.

  • Provision Amazon EBS volumes.

  • Manage Amazon EBS volume storage to ensure enough storage is available to mount as a volume in ROSA.

  • Create the persistent volume claim and generate a persistent volume though OpenShift Cluster Manager.

Virtual compute management

Red Hat

  • Monitor virtual compute components for potential issues and security threats.

  • Use public AWS tools for additional monitoring and protection.

  • Monitor optional configured virtual networking components for potential issues and security threats.

  • Configure any necessary firewall rules or customer data center protections as required.

AWS software (public AWS services)

AWS

Compute: Secure Amazon EC2, used for ROSA control plane, infrastructure, and worker nodes. For more information, see Infrastructure security in Amazon EC2 in the Amazon EC2 User Guide.

Storage: Secure Amazon Elastic Block Store (EBS), used for ROSA control plane, infrastructure, and worker node volumes, as well as Kubernetes persistent volumes. For more information, see Data protection in Amazon EC2 in the Amazon EC2 User Guide.

Storage: Provide AWS KMS, which ROSA uses to encrypt control plane, infrastructure, and worker node volumes and persistent volumes. For more information, see Amazon EBS encryption in the Amazon EC2 User Guide.

Storage: Secure Amazon S3, used for the ROSA service’s built-in container image registry. For more information, see Amazon S3 security in the S3 User Guide.

Networking: Provide security capabilities and services to increase privacy and control network access on AWS global infrastructure, including network firewalls built into Amazon VPC, private or dedicated network connections, and automatic encryption of all traffic on the AWS global and regional networks between AWS secured facilities. For more information, see the AWS Shared Responsibility Model and Infrastructure security in the Introduction to AWS Security whitepaper.

  • Ensure security best practices and the principle of least privilege are followed to protect data on the Amazon EC2 instance. For more information, see Infrastructure security in Amazon EC2 and Data protection in Amazon EC2.

  • Monitor optional configured virtual networking components for potential issues and security threats.

  • Configure any necessary firewall rules or customer data center protections as required.

  • Create an optional customer managed KMS key and encrypt the Amazon EBS persistent volume using the KMS key.

  • Monitor the customer data in virtual storage for potential issues and security threats. For more information, see the shared responsibility model.

Hardware/AWS global infrastructure

AWS

  • Provide the AWS global infrastructure that ROSA uses to deliver service functionality. For more information regarding AWS security controls, see Security of the AWS Infrastructure in the AWS whitepaper.

  • Provide documentation for the customer to manage compliance needs and check their security state in AWS using tools such as AWS Artifact and AWS Security Hub. For more information, see Compliance validation for ROSA in the ROSA User Guide.

  • Configure, manage, and monitor customer applications and data to ensure application and data security controls are properly enforced.

  • Use IAM tools to apply the appropriate permissions to AWS resources in the customer account.
Additional resources

  • For more information about customer or shared responsibilities, see the ROSA Security document.

Disaster recovery

Disaster recovery includes data and configuration backup, replicating data and configuration to the disaster recovery environment, and failover on disaster events.

Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS (ROSA) provides disaster recovery for failures that occur at the pod, worker node, infrastructure node, control plane node, and availability zone levels.

All disaster recovery requires that the customer use best practices for deploying highly available applications, storage, and cluster architecture, such as single-zone deployment or multi-zone deployment, to account for the level of desired availability.

One single-zone cluster will not provide disaster avoidance or recovery in the event of an availability zone or region outage. Multiple single-zone clusters with customer-maintained failover can account for outages at the zone or at the regional level.

One multi-zone cluster will not provide disaster avoidance or recovery in the event of a full region outage. Multiple multi-zone clusters with customer-maintained failover can account for outages at the regional level.

Resource Service responsibilities Customer responsibilities

Virtual networking management

Red Hat

  • Restore or recreate affected virtual network components that are necessary for the platform to function.

  • Configure virtual networking connections with more than one tunnel where possible for protection against outages as recommended by the public cloud provider.

  • Maintain failover DNS and load balancing if using a global load balancer with multiple clusters.

Virtual Storage management

Red Hat

  • For ROSA clusters created with IAM user credentials, back up all Kubernetes objects on the cluster through hourly, daily, and weekly volume snapshots.

  • For ROSA clusters created with IAM user credentials, back up persistent volumes on the cluster through daily and weekly volume snapshots.

  • Back up customer applications and application data.

Virtual compute management

Red Hat

  • Monitor the cluster and replace failed Amazon EC2 control plane or infrastructure nodes.

  • Provide the ability for the customer to manually or automatically replace failed worker nodes.

  • Replace failed Amazon EC2 worker nodes by editing the machine pool configuration through OpenShift Cluster Manager or the ROSA CLI.

AWS software (public AWS services)

AWS

Compute: Provide Amazon EC2 features that support data resiliency such as Amazon EBS snapshots and Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling. For more information, see Resilience in Amazon EC2 in the EC2 User Guide.

Storage: Provide the ability for the ROSA service and customers to back up the Amazon EBS volume on the cluster through Amazon EBS volume snapshots.

Storage: For information about Amazon S3 features that support data resiliency, see Resilience in Amazon S3.

Networking: For information about Amazon VPC features that support data resiliency, see Resilience in Amazon Virtual Private Cloud in the Amazon VPC User Guide.

  • Configure ROSA multi-AZ clusters to improve fault tolerance and cluster availability.

  • Provision persistent volumes using the Amazon EBS CSI driver to enable volume snapshots.

  • Create CSI volume snapshots of Amazon EBS persistent volumes.

Hardware/AWS global infrastructure

AWS

  • Provide AWS global infrastructure that allows ROSA to scale control plane, infrastructure, and worker nodes across Availability Zones. This functionality enables ROSA to orchestrate automatic failover between zones without interruption.

  • For more information about disaster recovery best practices, see Disaster recovery options in the cloud in the AWS Well-Architected Framework.

  • Configure ROSA multi-AZ clusters to improve fault tolerance and cluster availability.
Additional resources

Additional customer responsibilities for data and applications

The customer is responsible for the applications, workloads, and data that they deploy to Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS. However, Red Hat and AWS provide various tools to help the customer manage data and applications on the platform.

Resource Red Hat and AWS Customer responsibilities

Customer data

Red Hat

  • Maintain platform-level standards for data encryption as defined by industry security and compliance standards.

  • Provide OpenShift components to help manage application data, such as secrets.

  • Enable integration with data services such as Amazon RDS to store and manage data outside of the cluster and/or AWS.

AWS

  • Provide Amazon RDS to allow customers to store and manage data outside of the cluster and/or AWS.

  • Maintain responsibility for all customer data stored on the platform and how customer applications consume and expose this data.

Customer applications

Red Hat

  • Provision clusters with OpenShift components installed so that customers can access the OpenShift and Kubernetes APIs to deploy and manage containerized applications.

  • Create clusters with image pull secrets so that customer deployments can pull images from the Red Hat Container Catalog registry.

  • Provide access to OpenShift APIs that a customer can use to set up Operators to add community, third-party, and Red Hat services to the cluster.

  • Provide storage classes and plugins to support persistent volumes for use with customer applications.

  • Provide a container image registry so customers can securely store application container images on the cluster to deploy and manage applications.

AWS

  • Provide Amazon EBS to support persistent volumes for use with customer applications.

  • Provide Amazon S3 to support Red Hat provisioning of the container image registry.

  • Maintain responsibility for customer and third-party applications, data, and their complete lifecycle.

  • If a customer adds Red Hat, community, third-party, their own, or other services to the cluster by using Operators or external images, the customer is responsible for these services and for working with the appropriate provider, including Red Hat, to troubleshoot any issues.

  • Use the provided tools and features to configure and deploy; keep up to date; set up resource requests and limits; size the cluster to have enough resources to run apps; set up permissions; integrate with other services; manage any image streams or templates that the customer deploys; externally serve; save, back up, and restore data; and otherwise manage their highly available and resilient workloads.

  • Maintain responsibility for monitoring the applications run on Red Hat OpenShift Service on AWS, including installing and operating software to gather metrics, create alerts, and protect secrets in the application.

Additional resources