Importing virtual machine images with data volumes - Virtual machines | OpenShift Virtualization

Prerequisites
CDI supported operations matrix
About data volumes
Importing a virtual machine image into storage by using a data volume
Additional resources

Use the Containerized Data Importer (CDI) to import a virtual machine image into a persistent volume claim (PVC) by using a data volume. You can attach a data volume to a virtual machine for persistent storage.

The virtual machine image can be hosted at an HTTP or HTTPS endpoint, or built into a container disk and stored in a container registry.

When you import a disk image into a PVC, the disk image is expanded to use the full storage capacity that is requested in the PVC. To use this space, the disk partitions and file system(s) in the virtual machine might need to be expanded.

The resizing procedure varies based on the operating system installed on the virtual machine. Refer to the operating system documentation for details.

Prerequisites

If the endpoint requires a TLS certificate, the certificate must be included in a config map in the same namespace as the data volume and referenced in the data volume configuration.
To import a container disk:
- You might need to prepare a container disk from a virtual machine image and store it in your container registry before importing it.
- If the container registry does not have TLS, you must add the registry to the cdi-insecure-registries config map before you can import a container disk from it.
You might need to define a storage class or prepare CDI scratch space for this operation to complete successfully.

CDI supported operations matrix

This matrix shows the supported CDI operations for content types against endpoints, and which of these operations requires scratch space.

Content types	HTTP	HTTPS	HTTP basic auth	Registry	Upload
KubeVirt(QCOW2)	✓ QCOW2 ✓ GZ* ✓ XZ*	✓ QCOW2** ✓ GZ* ✓ XZ*	✓ QCOW2 ✓ GZ* ✓ XZ*	✓ QCOW2* □ GZ □ XZ	✓ QCOW2* ✓ GZ* ✓ XZ*
KubeVirt (RAW)	✓ RAW ✓ GZ ✓ XZ	✓ RAW ✓ GZ ✓ XZ	✓ RAW ✓ GZ ✓ XZ	✓ RAW* □ GZ □ XZ	✓ RAW* ✓ GZ* ✓ XZ*

Content types

HTTP

HTTPS

HTTP basic auth

Registry

Upload

KubeVirt(QCOW2)

✓ QCOW2
✓ GZ*
✓ XZ*

✓ QCOW2**
✓ GZ*
✓ XZ*

✓ QCOW2
✓ GZ*
✓ XZ*

✓ QCOW2*
□ GZ
□ XZ

✓ QCOW2*
✓ GZ*
✓ XZ*

KubeVirt (RAW)

✓ RAW
✓ GZ
✓ XZ

✓ RAW*
□ GZ
□ XZ

✓ RAW*
✓ GZ*
✓ XZ*

✓ Supported operation

□ Unsupported operation

* Requires scratch space

** Requires scratch space if a custom certificate authority is required

About data volumes

DataVolume objects are custom resources that are provided by the Containerized Data Importer (CDI) project. Data volumes orchestrate import, clone, and upload operations that are associated with an underlying persistent volume claim (PVC). Data volumes are integrated with OpenShift Virtualization, and they prevent a virtual machine from being started before the PVC has been prepared.

Importing a virtual machine image into storage by using a data volume

You can import a virtual machine image into storage by using a data volume.

The virtual machine image can be hosted at an HTTP or HTTPS endpoint or the image can be built into a container disk and stored in a container registry.

You specify the data source for the image in a VirtualMachine configuration file. When the virtual machine is created, the data volume with the virtual machine image is imported into storage.

Prerequisites

To import a virtual machine image you must have the following:
- A virtual machine disk image in RAW, ISO, or QCOW2 format, optionally compressed by using xz or gz.
- An HTTP or HTTPS endpoint where the image is hosted, along with any authentication credentials needed to access the data source.
To import a container disk, you must have a virtual machine image built into a container disk and stored in a container registry, along with any authentication credentials needed to access the data source.
If the virtual machine must communicate with servers that use self-signed certificates or certificates not signed by the system CA bundle, you must create a config map in the same namespace as the data volume.

Procedure

If your data source requires authentication, create a Secret manifest, specifying the data source credentials, and save it as endpoint-secret.yaml:
```
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: endpoint-secret (1)
  labels:
    app: containerized-data-importer
type: Opaque
data:
  accessKeyId: "" (2)
  secretKey:   "" (3)
```
1 Specify the name of the Secret.

2 Specify the Base64-encoded key ID or user name.

3 Specify the Base64-encoded secret key or password.
Apply the Secret manifest:
```
$ oc apply -f endpoint-secret.yaml
```

Edit the VirtualMachine manifest, specifying the data source for the virtual machine image you want to import, and save it as vm-fedora-datavolume.yaml:

Details

apiVersion: kubevirt.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualMachine
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    kubevirt.io/vm: vm-fedora-datavolume
  name: vm-fedora-datavolume (1)
spec:
  dataVolumeTemplates:
  - metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      name: fedora-dv (2)
    spec:
      storage:
        resources:
          requests:
            storage: 10Gi
        storageClassName: local
      source:
        http: (3)
          url: "https://mirror.arizona.edu/fedora/linux/releases/35/Cloud/x86_64/images/Fedora-Cloud-Base-35-1.2.x86_64.qcow2" (4)
          secretRef: endpoint-secret (5)
          certConfigMap: "" (6)
    status: {}
  running: true
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        kubevirt.io/vm: vm-fedora-datavolume
    spec:
      domain:
        devices:
          disks:
          - disk:
              bus: virtio
            name: datavolumedisk1
        machine:
          type: ""
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: 1.5Gi
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      volumes:
      - dataVolume:
          name: fedora-dv
        name: datavolumedisk1
status: {}

1	Specify the name of the virtual machine.
2	Specify the name of the data volume.
3	Specify `http` for an HTTP or HTTPS endpoint. Specify `registry` for a container disk image imported from a registry.
4	The source of the virtual machine image you want to import. This example references a virtual machine image at an HTTPS endpoint. An example of a container registry endpoint is `url: "docker://kubevirt/fedora-cloud-container-disk-demo:latest"`.
5	Required if you created a `Secret` for the data source.
6	Optional: Specify a CA certificate config map.

Create the virtual machine:

$ oc create -f vm-fedora-datavolume.yaml

The oc create command creates the data volume and the virtual machine. The CDI controller creates an underlying PVC with the correct annotation and the import process begins. When the import is complete, the data volume status changes to Succeeded. You can start the virtual machine.

Data volume provisioning happens in the background, so there is no need to monitor the process.

Verification

The importer pod downloads the virtual machine image or container disk from the specified URL and stores it on the provisioned PV. View the status of the importer pod by running the following command:
```
$ oc get pods
```
Monitor the data volume until its status is Succeeded by running the following command:
```
$ oc describe dv fedora-dv (1)
```
1 Specify the data volume name that you defined in the VirtualMachine manifest.
Verify that provisioning is complete and that the virtual machine has started by accessing its serial console:
```
$ virtctl console vm-fedora-datavolume
```

Additional resources

Configure preallocation mode to improve write performance for data volume operations.

1	Specify the name of the `Secret`.
2	Specify the Base64-encoded key ID or user name.
3	Specify the Base64-encoded secret key or password.