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odo architecture

This section describes odo architecture and how odo manages OpenShift Container Platform resources on a cluster.

Developer setup

With odo you can create and deploy application on OpenShift Container Platform clusters from a terminal. Code editor plug-ins use odo which allows users to interact with OpenShift Container Platform clusters from their IDE terminals. Examples of plug-ins that use odo: VS Code Openshift Connector, Openshift Connector for Intellij, Codewind for Eclipse Che.

odo works on Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems and from any terminal. odo provides autocompletion for bash and zsh command line shells.

odo 1.0 supports Node.js and Java components.

OpenShift source-to-image

Openshift Source-to-Image (S2I) is an open-source project which helps in building artifacts from source code and injecting these into container images. S2I produces ready-to-run images by building source code without the need of a Dockerfile. odo uses S2I builder image for executing developer source code inside a container.

OpenShift cluster objects

Init Containers

Init containers are specialized containers that run before the application container starts and configure the necessary environment for the application containers to run. Init containers can have files that application images do not have, for example setup scripts. Init containers always run to completion and the application container does not start if any of the init containers fails.

The Pod created by odo executes two Init Containers:

  • The copy-supervisord Init container.

  • The copy-files-to-volume Init container.

copy-supervisord

The copy-supervisord Init container copies necessary files onto an emptyDir Volume. The main application container utilizes these files from the emptyDir Volume.

Files that are copied onto the emptyDir Volume:

  • Binaries:

    • go-init is a minimal init system. It runs as the first process (PID 1) inside the application container. go-init starts the SupervisorD daemon which runs the developer code. go-init is required to handle orphaned processes.

    • SupervisorD is a process control system. It watches over configured processes and ensures that they are running. It also restarts services when necessary. For odo, SupervisorD executes and monitors the developer code.

  • Configuration files:

    • supervisor.conf is the configuration file necessary for the SupervisorD daemon to start.

  • Scripts:

    • assemble-and-restart is an OpenShift S2I concept to build and deploy user-source code. The assemble-and-restart script first assembles the user source code inside the application container and then restarts SupervisorD for user changes to take effect.

    • Run is an OpenShift S2I concept of executing the assembled source code. The run script executes the assembled code created by the assemble-and-restart script.

    • s2i-setup is a script that creates files and directories which are necessary for the assemble-and-restart and run scripts to execute successfully. The script is executed whenever the application container starts.

  • Directories:

    • language-scripts: Openshift S2I allows custom assemble and run scripts. A few language specific custom scripts are present in the language-scripts directory. The custom scripts provide additional configuration to make odo debug work.

The emtpyDir Volume is mounted at the /opt/odo mount point for both the Init container and the application container.

copy-files-to-volume

The copy-files-to-volume Init container copies files that are in /opt/app-root in the S2I builder image onto the Persistent Volume. The volume is then mounted at the same location (/opt/app-root) in an application container.

Without the PersistentVolume on /opt/app-root the data in this directory is lost when PersistentVolumeClaim is mounted at the same location.

The PVC is mounted at the /mnt mount point inside the Init container.

Application container

Application container is the main container inside of which the user-source code executes.

Application container is mounted with two Volumes:

  • emptyDir Volume mounted at /opt/odo

  • The PersistentVolume mounted at /opt/app-root

go-init is executed as the first process inside the application container. The go-init process then starts the SupervisorD daemon.

SupervisorD executes and monitores the user assembled source code. If the user process crashes, SupervisorD restarts it.

PersistentVolume and PersistentVolumeClaim

PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC) is a volume type in Kubernetes which provisions a PersistentVolume. The life of a PersistentVolume is independent of a Pod lifecycle. The data on the PersistentVolume persists across Pod restarts.

The copy-files-to-volume Init container copies necessary files onto the PersistentVolume. The main application container utilizes these files at runtime for execution.

The naming convention of the PersistentVolume is <component-name>-s2idata.

Container PVC Mounted at

copy-files-to-volume

/mnt

Application container

/opt/app-root

emptyDir Volume

An emptyDir Volume is created when a Pod is assigned to a node, and exists as long as that Pod is running on the node. If the container is restarted or moved, the content of the emptyDir is removed, Init container restores the data back to the emptyDir. emptyDir is initially empty.

The copy-supervisord Init container copies necessary files onto the emptyDir volume. These files are then utilized by the main application container at runtime for execution.

Container emptyDir Volume Mounted at

copy-supervisord

/opt/odo

Application container

/opt/odo

Service

Service is a Kubernetes concept of abstracting the way of communicating with a set of Pods.

odo creates a Service for every application Pod to make it accessible for communication.

odo push workflow

This section describes odo push workflow. odo push deploys user code on an OpenShift Container Platform cluster with all the necessary OpenShift Container Platform resources.

  1. Creating resources

    If not already created, odo push creates the following OpenShift Container Platform resources:

    • Deployment config (DC):

      • Two init containers are executed: copy-supervisord and copy-files-to-volume. The init containers copy files onto the emptyDir and the PersistentVolume type of volumes respectively.

      • The application container starts. The first process in the application container is the go-init process with PID=1.

      • go-init process starts the SupervisorD daemon.

        The user application code has not been copied into the application container yet, so the SupervisorD daemon does not execute the run script.

    • Service

    • Secrets

    • PersistentVolumeClaim

  2. Indexing files

    • A file indexer indexes the files in the source code directory. The indexer traverses through the source code directories recursively and finds files which have been created, deleted, or renamed.

    • A file indexer maintains the indexed information in an odo index file inside the .odo directory.

    • If the odo index file is not present, it means that the file indexer is being executed for the first time, and creates a new odo index JSON file. The odo index JSON file contains a file map - the relative file paths of the traversed files and the absolute paths of the changed and deleted files.

  3. Pushing code

    Local code is copied into the application container, usually under /tmp/src.

  4. Executing assemble-and-restart

    On a successful copy of the source code, the assemble-and-restart script is executed inside the running application container.