Mirroring OpenShift Container Platform images - Updating a cluster in a disconnected environment | Disconnected environments

Mirroring resources using the oc-mirror plugin
Mirroring images using the oc adm release mirror command

You must mirror container images onto a mirror registry before you can update a cluster in a disconnected environment. You can also use this procedure in connected environments to ensure your clusters run only approved container images that have satisfied your organizational controls for external content.

Your mirror registry must be running at all times while the cluster is running.

The following steps outline the high-level workflow on how to mirror images to a mirror registry:

Install the OpenShift CLI (oc) on all devices being used to retrieve and push release images.
Download the registry pull secret and add it to your cluster.
If you use the oc-mirror OpenShift CLI (oc) plugin:
1. Install the oc-mirror plugin on all devices being used to retrieve and push release images.
2. Create an image set configuration file for the plugin to use when determining which release images to mirror. You can edit this configuration file later to change which release images that the plugin mirrors.
3. Mirror your targeted release images directly to a mirror registry, or to removable media and then to a mirror registry.
4. Configure your cluster to use the resources generated by the oc-mirror plugin.
5. Repeat these steps as needed to update your mirror registry.
If you use the oc adm release mirror command:
1. Set environment variables that correspond to your environment and the release images you want to mirror.
2. Mirror your targeted release images directly to a mirror registry, or to removable media and then to a mirror registry.
3. Repeat these steps as needed to update your mirror registry.

Compared to using the oc adm release mirror command, the oc-mirror plugin has the following advantages:

It can mirror content other than container images.
After mirroring images for the first time, it is easier to update images in the registry.
The oc-mirror plugin provides an automated way to mirror the release payload from Quay, and also builds the latest graph data image for the OpenShift Update Service running in the disconnected environment.

Mirroring resources using the oc-mirror plugin

You can use the oc-mirror OpenShift CLI (oc) plugin to mirror images to a mirror registry in your fully or partially disconnected environments. You must run oc-mirror from a system with internet connectivity to download the required images from the official Red Hat registries.

See Mirroring images for a disconnected installation using the oc-mirror plugin for additional details.

Mirroring images using the oc adm release mirror command

You can use the oc adm release mirror command to mirror images to your mirror registry.

Prerequisites

You must have a container image registry that supports Docker v2-2 in the location that will host the OpenShift Container Platform cluster, such as Red Hat Quay.

If you use Red Hat Quay, you must use version 3.6 or later with the oc-mirror plugin. If you have an entitlement to Red Hat Quay, see the documentation on deploying Red Hat Quay for proof-of-concept purposes or by using the Quay Operator. If you need additional assistance selecting and installing a registry, contact your sales representative or Red Hat Support.

If you do not have an existing solution for a container image registry, the mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift is included in OpenShift Container Platform subscriptions. The mirror registry for Red Hat OpenShift is a small-scale container registry that you can use to mirror OpenShift Container Platform container images in disconnected installations and updates.

Preparing your mirror host

Before you perform the mirror procedure, you must prepare the host to retrieve content and push it to the remote location.

Installing the OpenShift CLI

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) to interact with OpenShift Container Platform from a command-line interface. You can install oc on Linux, Windows, or macOS.

If you installed an earlier version of oc, you cannot use it to complete all of the commands in OpenShift Container Platform 4.17. Download and install the new version of oc. If you are updating a cluster in a disconnected environment, install the oc version that you plan to update to.

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Linux

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Linux by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the architecture from the Product Variant drop-down list.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.17 Linux Clients entry and save the file.
Unpack the archive:
```
$ tar xvf <file>
```
Place the oc binary in a directory that is on your PATH.

To check your PATH, execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on Windows

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on Windows by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.17 Windows Client entry and save the file.
Unzip the archive with a ZIP program.
Move the oc binary to a directory that is on your PATH.

To check your PATH, open the command prompt and execute the following command:
```
C:\> path
```

Verification

After you install the OpenShift CLI, it is available using the oc command:
```
C:\> oc <command>
```

Installing the OpenShift CLI on macOS

You can install the OpenShift CLI (oc) binary on macOS by using the following procedure.

Procedure

Navigate to the OpenShift Container Platform downloads page on the Red Hat Customer Portal.
Select the appropriate version from the Version drop-down list.
Click Download Now next to the OpenShift v4.17 macOS Clients entry and save the file.

For macOS arm64, choose the OpenShift v4.17 macOS arm64 Client entry.
Unpack and unzip the archive.
Move the oc binary to a directory on your PATH.

To check your PATH, open a terminal and execute the following command:
```
$ echo $PATH
```

Verification

Verify your installation by using an oc command:
```
$ oc <command>
```

Additional resources

Installing and using CLI plugins

Configuring credentials that allow images to be mirrored

Create a container image registry credentials file that enables you to mirror images from Red Hat to your mirror.

Do not use this image registry credentials file as the pull secret when you install a cluster. If you provide this file when you install cluster, all of the machines in the cluster will have write access to your mirror registry.

Prerequisites

You configured a mirror registry to use in your disconnected environment.
You identified an image repository location on your mirror registry to mirror images into.
You provisioned a mirror registry account that allows images to be uploaded to that image repository.
You have write access to the mirror registry.

Procedure

Complete the following steps on the installation host:

Download your registry.redhat.io pull secret from Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager.

Make a copy of your pull secret in JSON format by running the following command:

$ cat ./pull-secret | jq . > <path>/<pull_secret_file_in_json> (1)

1	Specify the path to the folder to store the pull secret in and a name for the JSON file that you create.

Example pull secret

{
  "auths": {
    "cloud.openshift.com": {
      "auth": "b3BlbnNo...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "quay.io": {
      "auth": "b3BlbnNo...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "registry.connect.redhat.com": {
      "auth": "NTE3Njg5Nj...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "registry.redhat.io": {
      "auth": "NTE3Njg5Nj...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    }
  }
}

Optional: If using the oc-mirror plugin, save the file as either ~/.docker/config.json or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json:
1. If the .docker or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers directories do not exist, create one by entering the following command:
  $ mkdir -p <directory_name>
  Where <directory_name> is either ~/.docker or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers.
2. Copy the pull secret to the appropriate directory by entering the following command:
  $ cp <path>/<pull_secret_file_in_json> <directory_name>/<auth_file>
  Where <directory_name> is either ~/.docker or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers, and <auth_file> is either config.json or auth.json.
Generate the base64-encoded user name and password or token for your mirror registry by running the following command:
```
$ echo -n '<user_name>:<password>' | base64 -w0 (1)
```
1 For <user_name> and <password>, specify the user name and password that you configured for your registry.
Example output
```
BGVtbYk3ZHAtqXs=
```

Edit the JSON file and add a section that describes your registry to it:

  "auths": {
    "<mirror_registry>": { (1)
      "auth": "<credentials>", (2)
      "email": "you@example.com"
    }
  },

1	Specify the registry domain name, and optionally the port, that your mirror registry uses to serve content. For example, `registry.example.com` or `registry.example.com:8443`
2	Specify the base64-encoded user name and password for the mirror registry.

Example modified pull secret

{
  "auths": {
    "registry.example.com": {
      "auth": "BGVtbYk3ZHAtqXs=",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "cloud.openshift.com": {
      "auth": "b3BlbnNo...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "quay.io": {
      "auth": "b3BlbnNo...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "registry.connect.redhat.com": {
      "auth": "NTE3Njg5Nj...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    },
    "registry.redhat.io": {
      "auth": "NTE3Njg5Nj...",
      "email": "you@example.com"
    }
  }
}

Mirroring images to a mirror registry

To avoid excessive memory usage by the OpenShift Update Service application, you must mirror release images to a separate repository as described in the following procedure.

Prerequisites

You configured a mirror registry to use in your disconnected environment and can access the certificate and credentials that you configured.
You downloaded the pull secret from Red Hat OpenShift Cluster Manager and modified it to include authentication to your mirror repository.
If you use self-signed certificates, you have specified a Subject Alternative Name in the certificates.

Procedure

Use the Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform Update Graph visualizer and update planner to plan an update from one version to another. The OpenShift Update Graph provides channel graphs and a way to confirm that there is an update path between your current and intended cluster versions.

Set the required environment variables:

Export the release version:
```
$ export OCP_RELEASE=<release_version>
```
For <release_version>, specify the tag that corresponds to the version of OpenShift Container Platform to which you want to update, such as 4.5.4.
Export the local registry name and host port:
```
$ LOCAL_REGISTRY='<local_registry_host_name>:<local_registry_host_port>'
```
For <local_registry_host_name>, specify the registry domain name for your mirror repository, and for <local_registry_host_port>, specify the port that it serves content on.
Export the local repository name:
```
$ LOCAL_REPOSITORY='<local_repository_name>'
```
For <local_repository_name>, specify the name of the repository to create in your registry, such as ocp4/openshift4.
If you are using the OpenShift Update Service, export an additional local repository name to contain the release images:
```
$ LOCAL_RELEASE_IMAGES_REPOSITORY='<local_release_images_repository_name>'
```
For <local_release_images_repository_name>, specify the name of the repository to create in your registry, such as ocp4/openshift4-release-images.
Export the name of the repository to mirror:
```
$ PRODUCT_REPO='openshift-release-dev'
```
For a production release, you must specify openshift-release-dev.

Export the path to your registry pull secret:

$ LOCAL_SECRET_JSON='<path_to_pull_secret>'

For <path_to_pull_secret>, specify the absolute path to and file name of the pull secret for your mirror registry that you created.

If your cluster uses an ImageContentSourcePolicy object to configure repository mirroring, you can use only global pull secrets for mirrored registries. You cannot add a pull secret to a project.

Export the release mirror:
```
$ RELEASE_NAME="ocp-release"
```
For a production release, you must specify ocp-release.
Export the type of architecture for your cluster:
```
$ ARCHITECTURE=<cluster_architecture> (1)
```
1 Specify the architecture of the cluster, such as x86_64, aarch64, s390x, or ppc64le.
Export the path to the directory to host the mirrored images:
```
$ REMOVABLE_MEDIA_PATH=<path> (1)
```
1 Specify the full path, including the initial forward slash (/) character.

Review the images and configuration manifests to mirror:

$ oc adm release mirror -a ${LOCAL_SECRET_JSON} --to-dir=${REMOVABLE_MEDIA_PATH}/mirror quay.io/${PRODUCT_REPO}/${RELEASE_NAME}:${OCP_RELEASE}-${ARCHITECTURE} --dry-run

Mirror the version images to the mirror registry.
- If your mirror host does not have internet access, take the following actions:
  1. Connect the removable media to a system that is connected to the internet.
  2. Mirror the images and configuration manifests to a directory on the removable media:
    
    $ oc adm release mirror -a ${LOCAL_SECRET_JSON} --to-dir=${REMOVABLE_MEDIA_PATH}/mirror quay.io/${PRODUCT_REPO}/${RELEASE_NAME}:${OCP_RELEASE}-${ARCHITECTURE}
    
    This command also generates and saves the mirrored release image signature config map onto the removable media.
  3. Take the media to the disconnected environment and upload the images to the local container registry.
    
    $ oc image mirror -a ${LOCAL_SECRET_JSON} --from-dir=${REMOVABLE_MEDIA_PATH}/mirror "file://openshift/release:${OCP_RELEASE}*" ${LOCAL_REGISTRY}/${LOCAL_REPOSITORY} (1)
    
    1 For REMOVABLE_MEDIA_PATH, you must use the same path that you specified when you mirrored the images.
  4. Use oc command-line interface (CLI) to log in to the cluster that you are updating.
  5. Apply the mirrored release image signature config map to the connected cluster:
    
    $ oc apply -f ${REMOVABLE_MEDIA_PATH}/mirror/config/<image_signature_file> (1)
    
    1 For <image_signature_file>, specify the path and name of the file, for example, signature-sha256-81154f5c03294534.yaml.
  6. If you are using the OpenShift Update Service, mirror the release image to a separate repository:
    
    $ oc image mirror -a ${LOCAL_SECRET_JSON} ${LOCAL_REGISTRY}/${LOCAL_REPOSITORY}:${OCP_RELEASE}-${ARCHITECTURE} ${LOCAL_REGISTRY}/${LOCAL_RELEASE_IMAGES_REPOSITORY}:${OCP_RELEASE}-${ARCHITECTURE}
- If the local container registry and the cluster are connected to the mirror host, take the following actions:
  1. Directly push the release images to the local registry and apply the config map to the cluster by using following command:
    
    $ oc adm release mirror -a ${LOCAL_SECRET_JSON} --from=quay.io/${PRODUCT_REPO}/${RELEASE_NAME}:${OCP_RELEASE}-${ARCHITECTURE} \ --to=${LOCAL_REGISTRY}/${LOCAL_REPOSITORY} --apply-release-image-signature
    
    If you include the --apply-release-image-signature option, do not create the config map for image signature verification.
  2. If you are using the OpenShift Update Service, mirror the release image to a separate repository:
    
    $ oc image mirror -a ${LOCAL_SECRET_JSON} ${LOCAL_REGISTRY}/${LOCAL_REPOSITORY}:${OCP_RELEASE}-${ARCHITECTURE} ${LOCAL_REGISTRY}/${LOCAL_RELEASE_IMAGES_REPOSITORY}:${OCP_RELEASE}-${ARCHITECTURE}